Bacterial Pathogenesis

  1. Bacterial Invasion and Tissue Spread
    1. Cellular Invasion Mechanisms
      1. Zipper Mechanism
        1. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
          1. Host Cell Receptor Engagement
            1. Cytoskeletal Rearrangement
              1. Membrane Wrapping
              2. Trigger Mechanism
                1. Type III Secretion System
                  1. Effector Protein Injection
                    1. Membrane Ruffling Induction
                      1. Macropinocytosis
                      2. Other Invasion Strategies
                        1. Membrane Fusion
                          1. Direct Penetration
                        2. Intracellular Survival Strategies
                          1. Phagosome Survival
                            1. Inhibition of Phagosome Maturation
                              1. Resistance to Acidification
                                1. Prevention of Lysosomal Fusion
                                2. Phagosome Escape
                                  1. Membrane Lysis Mechanisms
                                    1. Cytoplasmic Survival
                                      1. Nutrient Acquisition in Cytoplasm
                                      2. Intracellular Movement
                                        1. Actin-Based Motility
                                          1. Cytoskeletal Manipulation
                                            1. Organelle Interactions
                                            2. Cell-to-Cell Spread
                                              1. Direct Transfer Mechanisms
                                                1. Avoiding Extracellular Exposure
                                              2. Tissue Invasion and Spread
                                                1. Extracellular Matrix Degradation
                                                  1. Hyaluronidase Activity
                                                    1. Collagenase Function
                                                      1. Elastase Production
                                                        1. Chondroitinase Activity
                                                        2. Fibrin and Clot Dissolution
                                                          1. Streptokinase Mechanism
                                                            1. Staphylokinase Function
                                                              1. Plasminogen Activation
                                                              2. Host Defense Evasion During Spread
                                                                1. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Degradation
                                                                  1. DNase Production
                                                                    1. Complement Evasion
                                                                    2. Vascular Invasion
                                                                      1. Endothelial Cell Interaction
                                                                        1. Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing
                                                                          1. Hematogenous Dissemination

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                                                                      3. Bacterial Adhesion and Colonization

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                                                                      5. Nutrient Acquisition from Host