Lipid Chemistry and Metabolism

Lipid chemistry and metabolism explores the structure, properties, and biochemical transformations of lipids, a diverse class of molecules including fats, waxes, and steroids. It examines how the chemical nature of lipids, particularly their predominantly hydrophobic character, dictates their vital biological roles in energy storage, cell membrane architecture, and intercellular signaling. The metabolic component of this field investigates the intricate anabolic and catabolic pathways that govern lipid synthesis (lipogenesis), storage, and breakdown for energy production (beta-oxidation), providing a molecular foundation for understanding nutrition, cellular biology, and metabolic diseases like atherosclerosis.

  1. Introduction to Lipids
    1. Definition and General Properties
      1. Chemical Definition of Lipids
        1. Hydrophobicity and Amphipathic Nature
          1. Solubility Characteristics in Water and Organic Solvents
            1. Structural Diversity of Lipids
            2. Biological Functions of Lipids
              1. Energy Storage
                1. Caloric Value of Lipids
                  1. Comparison with Carbohydrates and Proteins
                    1. Efficiency of Lipid Storage
                    2. Structural Components of Membranes
                      1. Role in Cell Membranes
                        1. Contribution to Membrane Fluidity
                          1. Contribution to Membrane Integrity
                            1. Barrier Function
                            2. Signaling Molecules
                              1. Lipid-Derived Second Messengers
                                1. Hormonal Functions
                                  1. Cell-to-Cell Communication
                                  2. Enzyme Cofactors and Vitamins
                                    1. Lipid-Soluble Vitamins
                                      1. Cofactor Roles in Enzymatic Reactions
                                      2. Insulation and Protection
                                        1. Thermal Insulation
                                          1. Mechanical Protection
                                        2. Classification of Lipids
                                          1. Storage Lipids
                                            1. Triacylglycerols
                                              1. Waxes
                                              2. Structural Lipids
                                                1. Phospholipids
                                                  1. Glycolipids
                                                    1. Sterols
                                                    2. Signaling Lipids
                                                      1. Eicosanoids
                                                        1. Steroid Hormones
                                                          1. Diacylglycerols
                                                          2. Other Lipid Classes
                                                            1. Prenol Lipids
                                                              1. Polyketides