Lipid Chemistry and Metabolism

  1. Lipid Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
    1. Digestion of Dietary Lipids
      1. Oral Phase
        1. Lingual Lipase
          1. Limited Hydrolysis
          2. Gastric Phase
            1. Gastric Lipase
              1. Acid-Stable Activity
                1. Emulsification Beginning
                2. Intestinal Phase
                  1. Emulsification by Bile Salts
                    1. Bile Salt Structure
                      1. Micelle Formation
                        1. Reduction of Surface Tension
                        2. Pancreatic Enzymes
                          1. Pancreatic Lipase
                            1. Colipase Function
                              1. Phospholipase A2
                                1. Cholesterol Esterase
                            2. Absorption by Intestinal Cells
                              1. Formation of Mixed Micelles
                                1. Composition and Structure
                                  1. Solubilization of Lipids
                                  2. Uptake Mechanisms
                                    1. Fatty Acid Uptake
                                      1. Monoacylglycerol Uptake
                                        1. Cholesterol Absorption
                                          1. Fat-Soluble Vitamin Absorption
                                          2. Intracellular Processing
                                            1. Re-esterification to Triacylglycerols
                                              1. Phospholipid Synthesis
                                                1. Cholesteryl Ester Formation
                                              2. Chylomicron Formation and Secretion
                                                1. Assembly Process
                                                  1. Apolipoprotein B-48 Synthesis
                                                    1. Lipid Loading
                                                      1. Microsomal Transfer Protein Role
                                                      2. Chylomicron Structure
                                                        1. Core Lipids
                                                          1. Surface Components
                                                            1. Apolipoprotein Composition
                                                            2. Secretion into Lymphatic System
                                                              1. Exocytosis from Enterocytes
                                                                1. Entry into Thoracic Duct
                                                              2. Lipoprotein Transport System
                                                                1. General Structure of Lipoproteins
                                                                  1. Hydrophobic Core
                                                                    1. Triacylglycerols
                                                                      1. Cholesteryl Esters
                                                                      2. Surface Monolayer
                                                                        1. Phospholipids
                                                                          1. Free Cholesterol
                                                                            1. Apolipoproteins
                                                                          2. Classification by Density
                                                                            1. Chylomicrons
                                                                              1. Composition and Function
                                                                                1. Exogenous Lipid Transport
                                                                                2. Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
                                                                                  1. Composition and Function
                                                                                    1. Endogenous Lipid Transport
                                                                                    2. Intermediate-Density Lipoproteins (IDL)
                                                                                      1. Formation from VLDL
                                                                                        1. Metabolic Fate
                                                                                        2. Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
                                                                                          1. Cholesterol Transport
                                                                                            1. Receptor-Mediated Uptake
                                                                                            2. High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
                                                                                              1. Reverse Cholesterol Transport
                                                                                                1. Cardioprotective Functions
                                                                                              2. Apolipoprotein Functions
                                                                                                1. Structural Apolipoproteins
                                                                                                  1. Enzyme Cofactors
                                                                                                    1. Receptor Ligands
                                                                                                    2. Lipoprotein Metabolism Pathways
                                                                                                      1. Exogenous Pathway
                                                                                                        1. Chylomicron Metabolism
                                                                                                          1. Lipoprotein Lipase Action
                                                                                                          2. Endogenous Pathway
                                                                                                            1. VLDL Metabolism
                                                                                                              1. LDL Formation
                                                                                                              2. Reverse Cholesterol Transport
                                                                                                                1. HDL Functions
                                                                                                                  1. Cholesterol Efflux

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                                                                                                            5. Biological Membranes

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                                                                                                            7. Fatty Acid Catabolism