Lipid Chemistry and Metabolism

  1. Synthesis of Complex Lipids
    1. Triacylglycerol Synthesis
      1. Glycerol-3-Phosphate Pathway
        1. Glycerol-3-Phosphate Sources
          1. Acylation at sn-1 Position
            1. Acylation at sn-2 Position
              1. Phosphatidic Acid Formation
                1. Dephosphorylation to Diacylglycerol
                  1. Final Acylation to Triacylglycerol
                  2. Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Pathway
                    1. Alternative Starting Point
                      1. Peroxisomal Synthesis
                      2. Regulation
                        1. Substrate Availability
                          1. Hormonal Control
                            1. Tissue-Specific Factors
                          2. Phospholipid Synthesis
                            1. Glycerophospholipid Synthesis
                              1. CDP-Diacylglycerol Pathway
                                1. CTP:Phosphatidate Cytidylyltransferase
                                  1. Phosphatidylinositol Synthesis
                                    1. Phosphatidylglycerol Synthesis
                                      1. Cardiolipin Synthesis
                                      2. CDP-Choline and CDP-Ethanolamine Pathways
                                        1. Kennedy Pathway
                                          1. Choline Kinase
                                            1. CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase
                                              1. Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis
                                                1. Ethanolamine Analog
                                                2. Base Exchange Reactions
                                                  1. Phosphatidylserine Synthesis
                                                    1. Serine Exchange
                                                  2. Phospholipid Remodeling
                                                    1. Phospholipase A2 Action
                                                      1. Lysophospholipid Reacylation
                                                        1. Fatty Acid Specificity
                                                        2. Sphingolipid Synthesis
                                                          1. Serine Palmitoyltransferase
                                                            1. Sphingosine Formation
                                                              1. Ceramide Synthesis
                                                                1. Complex Sphingolipid Formation
                                                                  1. Sphingomyelin Synthesis
                                                                    1. Glycosphingolipid Synthesis
                                                                2. Cholesterol Synthesis
                                                                  1. Mevalonate Pathway Overview
                                                                    1. Acetyl-CoA Condensation
                                                                      1. Mevalonate Formation
                                                                        1. Isoprenoid Unit Synthesis
                                                                          1. Squalene Formation
                                                                            1. Sterol Ring Formation
                                                                            2. Key Enzymatic Steps
                                                                              1. HMG-CoA Synthase
                                                                                1. HMG-CoA Reductase
                                                                                  1. Rate-Limiting Enzyme
                                                                                    1. Regulation Mechanisms
                                                                                    2. Mevalonate Kinase
                                                                                      1. Squalene Synthase
                                                                                        1. Squalene Monooxygenase
                                                                                          1. Lanosterol Synthase
                                                                                          2. Conversion of Lanosterol to Cholesterol
                                                                                            1. Multiple Enzymatic Steps
                                                                                              1. Demethylation Reactions
                                                                                                1. Double Bond Modifications
                                                                                                2. Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis
                                                                                                  1. Feedback Inhibition
                                                                                                    1. Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins (SREBP)
                                                                                                      1. HMG-CoA Reductase Regulation
                                                                                                        1. Transcriptional Control
                                                                                                          1. Post-Translational Modification
                                                                                                            1. Protein Degradation

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                                                                                                      8. Fatty Acid Anabolism

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                                                                                                      10. Lipid Signaling and Bioactive Lipids