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Biology
Paleontology
Invertebrate Paleontology
1. Introduction to Invertebrate Paleontology
2. Fundamental Concepts
3. Taphonomy
4. Phylum Porifera
5. Phylum Cnidaria
6. Phylum Bryozoa
7. Phylum Brachiopoda
8. Phylum Mollusca
9. Phylum Arthropoda
10. Phylum Echinodermata
11. Other Important Fossil Groups
12. Ichnology
13. Applications of Invertebrate Paleontology
7.
Phylum Brachiopoda
7.1.
General Morphology
7.1.1.
Shell Composition and Structure
7.1.1.1.
Calcite Shells
7.1.1.2.
Phosphate Shells
7.1.2.
Pedicle Valve
7.1.3.
Brachial Valve
7.1.4.
Symmetry
7.1.4.1.
Plane of Symmetry
7.1.5.
Internal Structures
7.1.5.1.
Lophophore Supports
7.1.5.2.
Muscle Scars
7.1.5.3.
Hinge Mechanisms
7.2.
Major Groups
7.2.1.
Class Inarticulata
7.2.1.1.
Morphological Features
7.2.1.2.
Geological Range
7.2.2.
Class Articulata
7.2.2.1.
Morphological Features
7.2.2.2.
Geological Range
7.3.
Paleoecology and Life Habits
7.3.1.
Modes of Attachment
7.3.2.
Feeding Strategies
7.3.3.
Environmental Distribution
7.4.
Distinguishing from Bivalve Mollusks
7.4.1.
Shell Symmetry
7.4.2.
Hinge and Muscle Arrangement
7.4.3.
Internal Anatomy
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6. Phylum Bryozoa
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8. Phylum Mollusca