Invertebrate Paleontology

  1. Phylum Porifera
    1. General Morphology and Biology
      1. Body Plans
        1. Asconoid
          1. Syconoid
            1. Leuconoid
            2. Cell Types
              1. Choanocytes
                1. Pinacocytes
                  1. Amoebocytes
                  2. Feeding and Reproduction
                  3. Skeletal Elements
                    1. Spicules
                      1. Calcareous Spicules
                        1. Siliceous Spicules
                        2. Spongin
                          1. Arrangement and Function of Skeletal Elements
                          2. Major Fossil Groups
                            1. Class Calcarea
                              1. Class Hexactinellida
                                1. Class Demospongea
                                2. Extinct Sponge-like Groups
                                  1. Archaeocyatha
                                    1. Morphology and Structure
                                      1. Paleoecological Role
                                      2. Stromatoporoidea
                                        1. Skeletal Structure
                                          1. Role in Paleozoic Reefs
                                        2. Paleoecology and Geological Range
                                          1. Environmental Preferences
                                            1. Stratigraphic Distribution
                                              1. Role in Ancient Ecosystems

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                                            3. Taphonomy

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                                            5. Phylum Cnidaria