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Biology
Paleontology
Invertebrate Paleontology
1. Introduction to Invertebrate Paleontology
2. Fundamental Concepts
3. Taphonomy
4. Phylum Porifera
5. Phylum Cnidaria
6. Phylum Bryozoa
7. Phylum Brachiopoda
8. Phylum Mollusca
9. Phylum Arthropoda
10. Phylum Echinodermata
11. Other Important Fossil Groups
12. Ichnology
13. Applications of Invertebrate Paleontology
13.
Applications of Invertebrate Paleontology
13.1.
Biostratigraphy
13.1.1.
Concept of the Index Fossil
13.1.1.1.
Criteria for Good Index Fossils
13.1.2.
Assemblage Zones and Biozones
13.1.2.1.
Range Zones
13.1.2.2.
Concurrent Range Zones
13.1.2.3.
Interval Zones
13.1.3.
Graphic Correlation
13.1.3.1.
Methods and Applications
13.2.
Paleoecology
13.2.1.
Reconstructing Ancient Communities
13.2.1.1.
Trophic Structure
13.2.1.2.
Community Succession
13.2.2.
Limiting Factors in Paleoenvironments
13.2.2.1.
Substrate
13.2.2.2.
Water Depth
13.2.2.3.
Salinity
13.2.2.4.
Temperature
13.2.3.
Functional Morphology
13.2.3.1.
Adaptations to Environment
13.2.3.2.
Inferring Life Habits from Morphology
13.3.
Paleobiogeography
13.3.1.
Faunal Provinces and Endemism
13.3.2.
Dispersal Mechanisms
13.3.3.
Plate Tectonics and Biogeographic Patterns
13.3.4.
Vicariance and Speciation
13.4.
Evolutionary Paleobiology
13.4.1.
Documenting Evolutionary Lineages
13.4.1.1.
Fossil Series and Transitional Forms
13.4.2.
Macroevolutionary Patterns
13.4.2.1.
Adaptive Radiation
13.4.2.2.
Punctuated Equilibria
13.4.2.3.
Phyletic Gradualism
13.4.3.
Mass Extinction Events
13.4.3.1.
The Big Five Extinctions
13.4.3.1.1.
End-Ordovician
13.4.3.1.2.
Late Devonian
13.4.3.1.3.
End-Permian
13.4.3.1.4.
End-Triassic
13.4.3.1.5.
End-Cretaceous
13.4.3.2.
Causes and Consequences
13.4.3.3.
Faunal Turnover and Recovery
13.4.4.
Rates of Evolution and Stasis
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12. Ichnology
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1. Introduction to Invertebrate Paleontology