Invertebrate Paleontology

  1. Applications of Invertebrate Paleontology
    1. Biostratigraphy
      1. Concept of the Index Fossil
        1. Criteria for Good Index Fossils
        2. Assemblage Zones and Biozones
          1. Range Zones
            1. Concurrent Range Zones
              1. Interval Zones
              2. Graphic Correlation
                1. Methods and Applications
              3. Paleoecology
                1. Reconstructing Ancient Communities
                  1. Trophic Structure
                    1. Community Succession
                    2. Limiting Factors in Paleoenvironments
                      1. Substrate
                        1. Water Depth
                          1. Salinity
                            1. Temperature
                            2. Functional Morphology
                              1. Adaptations to Environment
                                1. Inferring Life Habits from Morphology
                              2. Paleobiogeography
                                1. Faunal Provinces and Endemism
                                  1. Dispersal Mechanisms
                                    1. Plate Tectonics and Biogeographic Patterns
                                      1. Vicariance and Speciation
                                      2. Evolutionary Paleobiology
                                        1. Documenting Evolutionary Lineages
                                          1. Fossil Series and Transitional Forms
                                          2. Macroevolutionary Patterns
                                            1. Adaptive Radiation
                                              1. Punctuated Equilibria
                                                1. Phyletic Gradualism
                                                2. Mass Extinction Events
                                                  1. The Big Five Extinctions
                                                    1. End-Ordovician
                                                      1. Late Devonian
                                                        1. End-Permian
                                                          1. End-Triassic
                                                            1. End-Cretaceous
                                                            2. Causes and Consequences
                                                              1. Faunal Turnover and Recovery
                                                              2. Rates of Evolution and Stasis

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                                                            12. Ichnology

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                                                            1. Introduction to Invertebrate Paleontology