Invertebrate Paleontology

  1. Taphonomy
    1. Processes of Death and Decay
      1. Biological Decay
        1. Scavenging
          1. Microbial Activity
          2. Transport and Burial
            1. Modes of Transport
              1. Water Transport
                1. Wind Transport
                  1. Gravity Transport
                  2. Rapid vs. Slow Burial
                    1. Sediment Types and Burial Environments
                    2. Diagenesis and Fossilization
                      1. Chemical Alteration of Remains
                        1. Compaction and Lithification
                        2. Modes of Fossil Preservation
                          1. Unaltered Remains
                            1. Hard Parts
                              1. Soft Tissue Preservation
                              2. Permineralization
                                1. Recrystallization
                                  1. Replacement
                                    1. Carbonization
                                      1. Molds and Casts
                                        1. External Molds
                                          1. Internal Molds
                                            1. Casts
                                          2. Biases in the Fossil Record
                                            1. Preservation Bias
                                              1. Collection Bias
                                                1. Temporal Bias
                                                  1. Environmental Bias
                                                    1. Lagerstätten and Exceptional Preservation

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                                                  2. Fundamental Concepts

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                                                  4. Phylum Porifera