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Biology
Paleontology
Invertebrate Paleontology
1. Introduction to Invertebrate Paleontology
2. Fundamental Concepts
3. Taphonomy
4. Phylum Porifera
5. Phylum Cnidaria
6. Phylum Bryozoa
7. Phylum Brachiopoda
8. Phylum Mollusca
9. Phylum Arthropoda
10. Phylum Echinodermata
11. Other Important Fossil Groups
12. Ichnology
13. Applications of Invertebrate Paleontology
10.
Phylum Echinodermata
10.1.
Defining Characteristics
10.1.1.
Pentaradial Symmetry
10.1.2.
Calcite Endoskeleton
10.1.3.
Water Vascular System
10.1.4.
Mutable Connective Tissue
10.2.
Subphylum Crinozoa
10.2.1.
Class Crinoidea
10.2.1.1.
Morphology
10.2.1.1.1.
Calyx
10.2.1.1.2.
Arms
10.2.1.1.3.
Stem
10.2.1.2.
Attachment Structures
10.2.1.3.
Fossilization and Preservation
10.3.
Subphylum Blastozoa
10.3.1.
Class Blastoidea
10.3.1.1.
Morphology and Ecology
10.3.1.2.
Geological Range
10.4.
Subphylum Echinozoa
10.4.1.
Class Echinoidea
10.4.1.1.
Regular Echinoids
10.4.1.1.1.
Morphology and Ecology
10.4.1.2.
Irregular Echinoids
10.4.1.2.1.
Morphology and Adaptations
10.5.
Subphylum Asterozoa
10.5.1.
Class Asteroidea
10.5.1.1.
Morphology and Fossil Record
10.5.2.
Class Ophiuroidea
10.5.2.1.
Morphology and Fossil Record
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9. Phylum Arthropoda
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11. Other Important Fossil Groups