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Biology
Human Biology
Human Osteology and Bone Mechanics
1. Introduction to Human Osteology
2. The Human Skeletal System
3. Anatomical Terminology and Orientation
4. Classification of Bones
5. Gross Anatomy of Bone
6. Types of Bone Tissue
7. Bone Composition and Matrix
8. Cellular Components of Bone
9. Microscopic Architecture of Bone
10. Bone Development and Growth
11. Fundamentals of Biomechanics
12. Mechanical Properties of Bone
13. Bone Adaptation and Remodeling
14. Microdamage and Fatigue
15. Bone Fracture Mechanics
16. Fracture Classification and Healing
17. Methods for Studying Bone
18. Clinical Applications
19. Forensic and Archaeological Applications
20. Factors Influencing Bone Health
Anatomical Terminology and Orientation
Importance of Standardized Terminology
Anatomical Position
Planes of Reference
Sagittal Plane
Coronal Plane
Transverse Plane
Directional Terms
Superior and Inferior
Anterior and Posterior
Medial and Lateral
Proximal and Distal
Superficial and Deep
Ipsilateral and Contralateral
Bone-Specific Terminology
Anatomical Landmarks
Surface Features
Openings and Cavities
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2. The Human Skeletal System
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4. Classification of Bones