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Biology
Human Biology
Human Osteology and Bone Mechanics
1. Introduction to Human Osteology
2. The Human Skeletal System
3. Anatomical Terminology and Orientation
4. Classification of Bones
5. Gross Anatomy of Bone
6. Types of Bone Tissue
7. Bone Composition and Matrix
8. Cellular Components of Bone
9. Microscopic Architecture of Bone
10. Bone Development and Growth
11. Fundamentals of Biomechanics
12. Mechanical Properties of Bone
13. Bone Adaptation and Remodeling
14. Microdamage and Fatigue
15. Bone Fracture Mechanics
16. Fracture Classification and Healing
17. Methods for Studying Bone
18. Clinical Applications
19. Forensic and Archaeological Applications
20. Factors Influencing Bone Health
15.
Bone Fracture Mechanics
15.1.
Fracture Mechanics Principles
15.1.1.
Stress Concentration
15.1.2.
Crack Tip Stress Fields
15.1.3.
Fracture Toughness
15.1.4.
Critical Crack Length
15.2.
Modes of Fracture
15.2.1.
Mode I (Opening)
15.2.2.
Mode II (Sliding)
15.2.3.
Mode III (Tearing)
15.2.4.
Mixed Mode Fractures
15.3.
Fracture Patterns
15.3.1.
Transverse Fractures
15.3.2.
Oblique Fractures
15.3.3.
Spiral Fractures
15.3.4.
Comminuted Fractures
15.3.5.
Compression Fractures
15.4.
Loading Rate Effects
15.4.1.
Quasi-Static Loading
15.4.2.
Dynamic Loading
15.4.3.
Impact Loading
15.4.4.
Strain Rate Sensitivity
15.5.
Geometric Factors
15.5.1.
Bone Shape Effects
15.5.2.
Cross-Sectional Properties
15.5.3.
Stress Concentrators
15.5.4.
Porosity Effects
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14. Microdamage and Fatigue
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16. Fracture Classification and Healing