Human Osteology and Bone Mechanics

  1. Methods for Studying Bone
    1. Imaging Techniques
      1. Conventional Radiography
        1. Principles
          1. Interpretation
            1. Limitations
            2. Computed Tomography
              1. Principles
                1. Quantitative CT
                2. Micro-Computed Tomography
                  1. High-Resolution Imaging
                    1. 3D Reconstruction
                      1. Morphometric Analysis
                      2. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
                        1. Bone Mineral Density
                          1. Body Composition
                            1. Fracture Risk Assessment
                            2. Quantitative Ultrasound
                              1. Bone Quality Assessment
                                1. Portable Devices
                                2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                                  1. Soft Tissue Imaging
                                    1. Bone Marrow Assessment
                                      1. Functional Imaging
                                    2. Histological Methods
                                      1. Tissue Preparation
                                        1. Fixation
                                          1. Decalcification
                                            1. Embedding
                                              1. Sectioning
                                              2. Staining Techniques
                                                1. Hematoxylin and Eosin
                                                  1. Trichrome Stains
                                                    1. Specialized Bone Stains
                                                    2. Histomorphometry
                                                      1. Static Parameters
                                                        1. Dynamic Parameters
                                                          1. Bone Formation Rates
                                                        2. Mechanical Testing
                                                          1. Specimen Preparation
                                                            1. Testing Protocols
                                                              1. Data Analysis
                                                                1. Standardization Issues
                                                                2. Advanced Techniques
                                                                  1. Nanoindentation
                                                                    1. Atomic Force Microscopy
                                                                      1. Raman Spectroscopy
                                                                        1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

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                                                                      16. Fracture Classification and Healing

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                                                                      18. Clinical Applications