Endocrinology

  1. Fundamental Concepts of Hormones
    1. Definition of a Hormone
      1. Classical Definition
        1. Modern Expanded Definition
        2. Types of Chemical Signaling
          1. Endocrine Signaling
            1. Paracrine Signaling
              1. Autocrine Signaling
                1. Neuroendocrine Signaling
                  1. Juxtacrine Signaling
                  2. Chemical Classification of Hormones
                    1. Peptide and Protein Hormones
                      1. Structure and Characteristics
                        1. Synthesis Pathway
                          1. Storage Mechanisms
                            1. Secretion Process
                              1. Examples and Functions
                              2. Steroid Hormones
                                1. Basic Steroid Structure
                                  1. Cholesterol as Precursor
                                    1. Synthesis Pathway
                                      1. Lipophilic Properties
                                        1. Examples and Functions
                                        2. Amine Hormones
                                          1. Catecholamines
                                            1. Tyrosine as Precursor
                                              1. Synthesis Pathway
                                                1. Storage and Release
                                                2. Thyroid Hormones
                                                  1. Tyrosine-Based Structure
                                                    1. Iodination Process
                                                      1. Unique Properties
                                                    2. Fatty Acid Derivatives
                                                      1. Eicosanoids
                                                        1. Prostaglandins
                                                          1. Leukotrienes
                                                        2. Hormone Synthesis and Processing
                                                          1. Gene Transcription
                                                            1. Translation and Ribosomal Processing
                                                              1. Post-Translational Modifications
                                                                1. Glycosylation
                                                                  1. Phosphorylation
                                                                    1. Proteolytic Cleavage
                                                                    2. Secretory Pathways
                                                                      1. Constitutive Secretion
                                                                        1. Regulated Secretion
                                                                      2. Hormone Transport in Blood
                                                                        1. Free Hormones
                                                                          1. Protein-Bound Hormones
                                                                            1. Carrier Proteins
                                                                              1. Specific Binding Proteins
                                                                                1. Non-Specific Binding Proteins
                                                                                2. Factors Affecting Distribution
                                                                                  1. Blood Flow
                                                                                    1. Tissue Permeability
                                                                                      1. Protein Binding Affinity
                                                                                    2. Hormone Metabolism and Clearance
                                                                                      1. Enzymatic Degradation
                                                                                        1. Tissue-Specific Enzymes
                                                                                          1. Circulating Enzymes
                                                                                          2. Hepatic Metabolism
                                                                                            1. Renal Clearance
                                                                                              1. Half-Life Concepts
                                                                                                1. Factors Affecting Clearance

                                                                                              Previous

                                                                                              1. Introduction to Endocrinology

                                                                                              Go to top

                                                                                              Next

                                                                                              3. Mechanisms of Hormone Action