Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

  1. Synaptic Plasticity
    1. Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity
      1. Synaptic Facilitation
        1. Mechanisms and Time Course
          1. Residual Calcium Hypothesis
          2. Synaptic Depression
            1. Mechanisms and Time Course
              1. Vesicle Depletion
                1. Receptor Desensitization
                2. Synaptic Augmentation and Post-Tetanic Potentiation (PTP)
                  1. Mechanisms and Time Course
                    1. Calcium-Dependent Processes
                    2. Paired-Pulse Plasticity
                      1. Facilitation and Depression
                        1. Presynaptic Mechanisms
                      2. Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity
                        1. Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)
                          1. Hebbian Plasticity
                            1. Mechanisms of LTP in the Hippocampus (CA1)
                              1. Role of NMDA Receptors
                                1. Calcium as a Second Messenger
                                  1. Activation of Kinases (CaMKII, PKA, PKC)
                                    1. Changes in AMPA Receptor Trafficking
                                      1. Structural Changes in Synapses
                                      2. Early-Phase LTP (E-LTP)
                                        1. Late-Phase LTP (L-LTP)
                                          1. LTP in Other Brain Regions
                                          2. Long-Term Depression (LTD)
                                            1. Mechanisms of LTD
                                              1. Role of Low-Level Calcium
                                                1. Activation of Phosphatases
                                                  1. AMPA Receptor Internalization
                                                  2. Cerebellar LTD
                                                    1. Hippocampal LTD
                                                    2. Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP)
                                                      1. Timing Rules
                                                        1. Molecular Mechanisms
                                                          1. Functional Significance
                                                          2. Metaplasticity
                                                            1. Plasticity of Plasticity
                                                              1. Sliding Threshold
                                                            2. Molecular Mechanisms of Memory Consolidation
                                                              1. Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression
                                                                1. Immediate Early Genes
                                                                  1. Late-Phase LTP
                                                                    1. Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
                                                                    2. CREB (cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein)
                                                                      1. Role in Transcriptional Regulation
                                                                        1. CREB-Mediated Gene Expression
                                                                        2. Structural Plasticity
                                                                          1. Changes in Dendritic Spines
                                                                            1. Synaptogenesis and Synaptic Remodeling
                                                                              1. Spine Morphology Changes
                                                                              2. Homeostatic Plasticity
                                                                                1. Synaptic Scaling
                                                                                  1. Intrinsic Excitability Changes

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                                                                              7. Receptors and Signaling Pathways

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                                                                              9. Neural Development