Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

  1. Receptors and Signaling Pathways
    1. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (Ionotropic)
      1. Glutamate Receptors
        1. AMPA Receptors
          1. Structure and Function
            1. Subunit Composition
              1. Role in Fast Excitatory Transmission
                1. Trafficking and Regulation
                2. NMDA Receptors
                  1. Structure and Function
                    1. Voltage and Ligand Dependence
                      1. Calcium Permeability
                        1. Role in Synaptic Plasticity
                          1. Developmental Changes
                          2. Kainate Receptors
                            1. Structure and Function
                              1. Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Roles
                            2. GABA-A and Glycine Receptors
                              1. Structure and Function
                                1. Chloride Conductance
                                  1. Allosteric Modulation
                                    1. Pharmacology
                                    2. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs)
                                      1. Structure and Function
                                        1. Subunit Diversity
                                          1. Role in Neuromuscular Junction
                                            1. Neuronal nAChRs
                                            2. Purinergic Receptors
                                              1. P2X Receptors
                                                1. ATP-Gated Channels
                                              2. G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (Metabotropic)
                                                1. Basic Structure and Function
                                                  1. Seven-Transmembrane Domain Structure
                                                    1. Ligand Binding
                                                    2. The G-Protein Cycle
                                                      1. GTP Binding and Hydrolysis
                                                        1. Alpha, Beta, Gamma Subunits
                                                          1. G-Protein Types
                                                          2. Effector Systems
                                                            1. Direct G-Protein Effects on Ion Channels
                                                              1. Muscarinic AChRs
                                                                1. GABA-B Receptors
                                                                2. Second Messenger Cascades
                                                                  1. The cAMP Pathway
                                                                    1. Adenylyl Cyclase Activation
                                                                      1. Protein Kinase A (PKA)
                                                                        1. CREB Phosphorylation
                                                                        2. The Phosphoinositol (IP3/DAG) Pathway
                                                                          1. Phospholipase C Activation
                                                                            1. IP3 and Calcium Release
                                                                              1. Diacylglycerol (DAG) and Protein Kinase C (PKC)
                                                                              2. The cGMP Pathway
                                                                                1. Guanylyl Cyclase
                                                                                  1. Protein Kinase G (PKG)
                                                                              3. Signal Amplification
                                                                                1. Amplification Steps in Signaling Cascades
                                                                                  1. Enzyme Cascades
                                                                                  2. Cross-talk Between Pathways
                                                                                    1. Pathway Interactions
                                                                                      1. Convergence and Divergence
                                                                                    2. Receptor Regulation
                                                                                      1. Desensitization
                                                                                        1. Mechanisms of Desensitization
                                                                                          1. Homologous vs. Heterologous
                                                                                            1. Functional Consequences
                                                                                            2. Downregulation and Upregulation
                                                                                              1. Receptor Internalization
                                                                                                1. Changes in Receptor Expression
                                                                                                  1. Trafficking Mechanisms
                                                                                                  2. Receptor Phosphorylation
                                                                                                    1. Kinase-Mediated Regulation
                                                                                                      1. Phosphatase Activity

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                                                                                                  6. Neurotransmitter Systems

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                                                                                                  8. Synaptic Plasticity