Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

6.

Neurotransmitter Systems

6.1.

Defining a Neurotransmitter

6.1.1.

Criteria for Neurotransmitter Status

6.1.2.

Methods of Identification

6.1.3.

Classical vs. Non-classical Neurotransmitters

6.2.

Major Neurotransmitter Classes

6.2.1.

6.2.1.1.

6.2.1.1.1.

Synthesis and Metabolism

6.2.1.1.2.

6.2.1.1.2.1.

6.2.1.1.2.2.

6.2.1.1.2.3.

Kainate Receptors

6.2.1.1.2.4.

Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

6.2.1.1.3.

Role in Excitatory Transmission

6.2.1.1.4.

Glutamate Toxicity

6.2.1.2.

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

6.2.1.2.1.

Synthesis and Metabolism

6.2.1.2.2.

6.2.1.2.2.1.

GABA-A Receptors

6.2.1.2.2.2.

GABA-B Receptors

6.2.1.2.3.

Role in Inhibitory Transmission

6.2.1.2.4.

GABA System Disorders

6.2.1.3.

6.2.1.3.1.

Synthesis and Metabolism

6.2.1.3.2.

6.2.1.3.3.

Role in Spinal Cord and Brainstem

6.2.1.3.4.

Strychnine Sensitivity

6.2.2.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

6.2.2.1.

Synthesis and Metabolism

6.2.2.2.

6.2.2.2.1.

Nicotinic Receptors

6.2.2.2.2.

Muscarinic Receptors

6.2.2.3.

Role in CNS and PNS

6.2.2.4.

Cholinergic Pathways

6.2.3.

6.2.3.1.

6.2.3.1.1.

6.2.3.1.1.1.

Synthesis and Metabolism

6.2.3.1.1.2.

6.2.3.1.1.3.

Functional Pathways

6.2.3.1.1.4.

Role in Movement and Reward

6.2.3.1.2.

Norepinephrine (NE) / Noradrenaline

6.2.3.1.2.1.

Synthesis and Metabolism

6.2.3.1.2.2.

6.2.3.1.2.3.

Functional Pathways

6.2.3.1.2.4.

Role in Arousal and Attention

6.2.3.1.3.

Epinephrine / Adrenaline

6.2.3.1.3.1.

Synthesis and Metabolism

6.2.3.1.3.2.

6.2.3.1.3.3.

Peripheral vs. Central Roles

6.2.3.2.

6.2.3.2.1.

Serotonin (5-HT)

6.2.3.2.1.1.

Synthesis and Metabolism

6.2.3.2.1.2.

6.2.3.2.1.3.

Functional Pathways

6.2.3.2.1.4.

Role in Mood and Sleep

6.2.3.3.

6.2.3.3.1.

Synthesis and Metabolism

6.2.3.3.2.

6.2.3.3.3.

Role in Arousal and Inflammation

6.2.4.

6.2.4.1.

Synthesis and Processing

6.2.4.2.

Examples of Neuropeptides

6.2.4.2.1.

6.2.4.2.2.

6.2.4.2.3.

6.2.4.2.4.

6.2.4.2.5.

6.2.4.3.

6.2.4.4.

Modulatory Roles

6.2.4.5.

Co-release with Classical Neurotransmitters

6.2.5.

Unconventional Neurotransmitters

6.2.5.1.

Endocannabinoids

6.2.5.1.1.

Synthesis and Release

6.2.5.1.2.

Receptors (CB1, CB2)

6.2.5.1.3.

Retrograde Signaling

6.2.5.1.4.

Physiological Roles

6.2.5.2.

Nitric Oxide (NO)

6.2.5.2.1.

Synthesis and Diffusion

6.2.5.2.2.

Mechanism of Action

6.2.5.2.3.

Role in Synaptic Plasticity

6.2.5.3.

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

6.2.5.4.

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

6.2.6.

6.2.6.1.

6.2.6.2.

6.2.6.3.

Receptors and Functions

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7. Receptors and Signaling Pathways