Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

  1. The Structure of Neurons and Glia
    1. The Neuron
      1. The Soma (Cell Body)
        1. Nucleus and Gene Expression
          1. Chromatin Structure
            1. Transcriptional Regulation
              1. RNA Processing
                1. Nuclear Envelope and Nuclear Pores
                2. Organelles for Protein Synthesis
                  1. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Nissl Bodies)
                    1. Ribosomes
                      1. Golgi Apparatus
                        1. Mitochondria
                        2. Other Cellular Components
                          1. Lysosomes
                            1. Peroxisomes
                              1. Cytoplasm and Cytosol
                            2. The Neurites
                              1. Dendrites
                                1. Dendritic Arborization
                                  1. Dendritic Spines
                                    1. Spine Morphology
                                      1. Spine Types
                                        1. Spine Dynamics and Plasticity
                                        2. Postsynaptic Specializations
                                          1. Postsynaptic Density
                                            1. Receptor Localization
                                              1. Scaffolding Proteins
                                            2. The Axon
                                              1. Axon Hillock
                                                1. Role in Action Potential Initiation
                                                  1. Initial Segment
                                                  2. Axon Proper
                                                    1. Axonal Branching (Collaterals)
                                                      1. Axonal Cytoskeleton
                                                        1. Myelin Sheath
                                                        2. Axon Terminal (Presynaptic Bouton)
                                                          1. Synaptic Vesicle Pools
                                                            1. Active Zone Organization
                                                              1. Presynaptic Machinery
                                                        3. The Neuronal Cytoskeleton
                                                          1. Microtubules
                                                            1. Structure and Assembly
                                                              1. Tubulin Subunits
                                                                1. Role in Axonal Transport
                                                                  1. Microtubule-Associated Proteins
                                                                  2. Neurofilaments
                                                                    1. Structural Support
                                                                      1. Role in Axon Diameter
                                                                        1. Neurofilament Proteins
                                                                        2. Microfilaments
                                                                          1. Actin Dynamics
                                                                            1. Role in Growth Cones and Spines
                                                                              1. Actin-Binding Proteins
                                                                            2. Axonal Transport
                                                                              1. Mechanisms of Transport
                                                                                1. Motor Proteins
                                                                                  1. Kinesin
                                                                                    1. Dynein
                                                                                    2. Microtubule Polarity
                                                                                      1. Energy Requirements
                                                                                      2. Anterograde Transport
                                                                                        1. Fast Anterograde Transport
                                                                                          1. Slow Anterograde Transport
                                                                                            1. Transported Cargo
                                                                                            2. Retrograde Transport
                                                                                              1. Signaling Endosomes
                                                                                                1. Neurotrophic Factor Transport
                                                                                                  1. Waste Product Removal
                                                                                                2. Classifying Neurons
                                                                                                  1. By Number of Neurites
                                                                                                    1. Unipolar Neurons
                                                                                                      1. Bipolar Neurons
                                                                                                        1. Multipolar Neurons
                                                                                                        2. By Dendritic and Somatic Morphology
                                                                                                          1. Pyramidal Cells
                                                                                                            1. Stellate Cells
                                                                                                              1. Purkinje Cells
                                                                                                                1. Granule Cells
                                                                                                                2. By Connectivity
                                                                                                                  1. Sensory Neurons
                                                                                                                    1. Motor Neurons
                                                                                                                      1. Interneurons
                                                                                                                      2. By Axon Length
                                                                                                                        1. Golgi Type I (Projection Neurons)
                                                                                                                          1. Golgi Type II (Local Circuit Neurons)
                                                                                                                          2. By Neurotransmitter Type
                                                                                                                            1. Glutamatergic Neurons
                                                                                                                              1. GABAergic Neurons
                                                                                                                                1. Cholinergic Neurons
                                                                                                                                  1. Dopaminergic Neurons
                                                                                                                                    1. Serotonergic Neurons
                                                                                                                                      1. Noradrenergic Neurons
                                                                                                                                    2. Glial Cells
                                                                                                                                      1. Astrocytes
                                                                                                                                        1. Morphology and Distribution
                                                                                                                                          1. Functions and Roles
                                                                                                                                            1. Regulation of Extracellular Ion Concentrations
                                                                                                                                              1. Neurotransmitter Uptake and Recycling
                                                                                                                                                1. Metabolic Support for Neurons
                                                                                                                                                  1. Modulation of Synaptic Transmission
                                                                                                                                                    1. Blood-Brain Barrier Formation
                                                                                                                                                    2. The Tripartite Synapse
                                                                                                                                                      1. Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions
                                                                                                                                                        1. Gliotransmission
                                                                                                                                                      2. Myelinating Glia
                                                                                                                                                        1. Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
                                                                                                                                                          1. Myelin Sheath Formation
                                                                                                                                                            1. Support of Multiple Axons
                                                                                                                                                              1. Oligodendrocyte Development
                                                                                                                                                              2. Schwann Cells (PNS)
                                                                                                                                                                1. Myelination of Single Axons
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Role in Nerve Regeneration
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Non-myelinating Schwann Cells
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Nodes of Ranvier
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Saltatory Conduction
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ion Channel Clustering
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Paranodal Junctions
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Microglia
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Immune Surveillance
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Phagocytosis
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Role in Synaptic Pruning
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Activation States
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Ependymal Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Lining of Ventricles
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Production and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ciliary Function

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                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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                                                                                                                                                                                  3. The Neuronal Membrane and Electrical Potentials