Water and Wastewater Treatment

  1. Principles of Treatment Processes
    1. Reactor Engineering and Hydraulics
      1. Reactor Types
        1. Batch Reactor
          1. Operation Principles
          2. Completely Mixed Flow Reactor (CMFR)
            1. Mixing Characteristics
              1. Design Considerations
              2. Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
                1. Flow Patterns
                  1. Performance Characteristics
                2. Reaction Kinetics
                  1. Zero-Order Reactions
                    1. First-Order Reactions
                      1. Second-Order Reactions
                        1. Rate Constants
                          1. Half-Life Calculations
                          2. Mass Balance Analysis
                            1. Steady-State Conditions
                              1. Non-Steady-State Conditions
                                1. Input-Output Relationships
                                  1. Application to Treatment Units
                                  2. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)
                                    1. Solids Retention Time (SRT)
                                    2. Physical Unit Operations
                                      1. Screening and Straining
                                        1. Screen Types
                                          1. Design Parameters
                                          2. Sedimentation
                                            1. Settling Theory
                                              1. Clarifier Design
                                              2. Flotation
                                                1. Dissolved Air Flotation
                                                  1. Induced Air Flotation
                                                  2. Filtration
                                                    1. Granular Media Filtration
                                                      1. Membrane Filtration
                                                      2. Mixing and Flocculation
                                                        1. Rapid Mixing
                                                          1. Slow Mixing
                                                        2. Chemical Unit Processes
                                                          1. Coagulation and Flocculation
                                                            1. Coagulation Mechanisms
                                                              1. Flocculation Kinetics
                                                              2. Precipitation
                                                                1. Chemical Precipitation
                                                                  1. Softening Reactions
                                                                  2. Disinfection
                                                                    1. Disinfection Kinetics
                                                                      1. Disinfectant Types
                                                                      2. Oxidation and Reduction
                                                                        1. Oxidation Processes
                                                                          1. Reduction Processes
                                                                          2. Adsorption
                                                                            1. Adsorption Isotherms
                                                                              1. Adsorbent Materials
                                                                              2. Ion Exchange
                                                                                1. Exchange Mechanisms
                                                                                  1. Resin Types
                                                                                2. Biological Unit Processes
                                                                                  1. Aerobic Processes
                                                                                    1. Oxygen Requirements
                                                                                      1. Microbial Growth
                                                                                      2. Anaerobic Processes
                                                                                        1. Methanogenesis
                                                                                          1. Process Stages
                                                                                          2. Facultative Processes
                                                                                            1. Mixed Conditions
                                                                                              1. Process Control
                                                                                              2. Biofilm Systems
                                                                                                1. Biofilm Formation
                                                                                                  1. Mass Transfer
                                                                                                  2. Suspended Growth Systems
                                                                                                    1. Mixed Liquor Characteristics
                                                                                                      1. Biomass Control

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                                                                                                  2. Water Quality and Characterization

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                                                                                                  4. Drinking Water Treatment