Stream Ecology

  1. Major Stream Ecosystem Concepts and Models
    1. River Continuum Concept
      1. Theoretical Framework
        1. Longitudinal Gradients
          1. Physical Changes
            1. Chemical Changes
              1. Biological Changes
              2. Energy Source Transitions
                1. Allochthonous to Autochthonous
                  1. Coarse to Fine Organic Matter
                2. Predicted Patterns
                  1. Functional Feeding Group Shifts
                    1. Headwater Dominance by Shredders
                      1. Mid-reach Dominance by Grazers
                        1. Downstream Dominance by Collectors
                        2. Producer-Consumer Relationships
                          1. P/R Ratio Changes
                            1. Energy Flow Patterns
                          2. Supporting Evidence
                            1. Empirical Studies
                              1. Comparative Analyses
                              2. Limitations and Criticisms
                                1. Tributary Effects
                                  1. Impoundment Disruptions
                                    1. Geological Constraints
                                      1. Climate Influences
                                      2. Model Modifications
                                        1. Discontinuum Concept
                                          1. Pulse Concept Integration
                                        2. Flood Pulse Concept
                                          1. Theoretical Foundation
                                            1. Aquatic-Terrestrial Transition Zone
                                              1. Floodplain Connectivity
                                                1. Lateral Habitat Exchange
                                                2. Pulse Characteristics
                                                  1. Predictable Flooding
                                                    1. Flood Duration
                                                      1. Flood Magnitude
                                                    2. Ecological Processes
                                                      1. Nutrient Exchange
                                                        1. Floodplain Fertilization
                                                          1. Organic Matter Transport
                                                          2. Biotic Responses
                                                            1. Migration Patterns
                                                              1. Reproductive Timing
                                                                1. Growth Pulses
                                                              2. Productivity Patterns
                                                                1. Floodplain Productivity
                                                                  1. Aquatic Productivity
                                                                    1. Connectivity Effects
                                                                    2. Applications
                                                                      1. Large River Systems
                                                                        1. Tropical Rivers
                                                                          1. Temperate Floodplains
                                                                        2. Riverine Ecosystem Synthesis
                                                                          1. Hierarchical Patch Structure
                                                                            1. Functional Process Zones
                                                                              1. Constrained Zones
                                                                                1. Braided Zones
                                                                                  1. Meandering Zones
                                                                                  2. Hydrogeomorphic Patches
                                                                                    1. Channel Units
                                                                                      1. Floodplain Units
                                                                                    2. Ecological Processes
                                                                                      1. Flow-Pulse Concept
                                                                                        1. Nutrient Spiraling
                                                                                          1. Biocomplexity
                                                                                          2. Predictive Framework
                                                                                            1. Habitat Template
                                                                                              1. Biotic Response
                                                                                                1. Ecosystem Function
                                                                                              2. Hyporheic Corridor Concept
                                                                                                1. Hyporheic Zone Definition
                                                                                                  1. Vertical Extent
                                                                                                    1. Lateral Extent
                                                                                                      1. Temporal Dynamics
                                                                                                      2. Exchange Processes
                                                                                                        1. Hydrologic Exchange
                                                                                                          1. Downwelling
                                                                                                            1. Upwelling
                                                                                                              1. Lateral Flow
                                                                                                              2. Chemical Exchange
                                                                                                                1. Nutrient Processing
                                                                                                                  1. Contaminant Attenuation
                                                                                                                2. Biological Processes
                                                                                                                  1. Microbial Activity
                                                                                                                    1. Invertebrate Communities
                                                                                                                      1. Fish Spawning Habitat
                                                                                                                      2. Corridor Functions
                                                                                                                        1. Connectivity
                                                                                                                          1. Refugia
                                                                                                                            1. Biogeochemical Processing
                                                                                                                          2. Patch Dynamics Concept
                                                                                                                            1. Spatial Heterogeneity
                                                                                                                              1. Habitat Patches
                                                                                                                                1. Patch Size
                                                                                                                                  1. Patch Quality
                                                                                                                                    1. Patch Connectivity
                                                                                                                                    2. Disturbance Patches
                                                                                                                                      1. Creation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                        1. Recovery Trajectories
                                                                                                                                      2. Temporal Dynamics
                                                                                                                                        1. Patch Turnover
                                                                                                                                          1. Succession Patterns
                                                                                                                                            1. Disturbance Cycles
                                                                                                                                            2. Ecological Implications
                                                                                                                                              1. Species Coexistence
                                                                                                                                                1. Biodiversity Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                  1. Ecosystem Stability
                                                                                                                                                2. Metabolic Theory Applications
                                                                                                                                                  1. Temperature Effects
                                                                                                                                                    1. Metabolic Rate Scaling
                                                                                                                                                      1. Community Metabolism
                                                                                                                                                      2. Body Size Effects
                                                                                                                                                        1. Individual Metabolism
                                                                                                                                                          1. Population Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                          2. Ecological Stoichiometry
                                                                                                                                                            1. Nutrient Ratios
                                                                                                                                                              1. Growth Rate Hypothesis
                                                                                                                                                                1. Threshold Element Ratio

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                                                                                                                                                            5. Ecological Processes and Interactions

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                                                                                                                                                            7. Human Impacts on Stream Ecosystems