Stream Ecology

  1. The Chemical Environment
    1. Dissolved Gases
      1. Dissolved Oxygen
        1. Sources of Oxygen
          1. Atmospheric Exchange
            1. Photosynthetic Production
              1. Groundwater Inputs
              2. Oxygen Consumption
                1. Respiration
                  1. Decomposition
                    1. Chemical Oxidation
                    2. Temporal Patterns
                      1. Diel Cycles
                        1. Seasonal Variation
                        2. Spatial Patterns
                          1. Longitudinal Gradients
                            1. Vertical Gradients
                            2. Oxygen Saturation
                              1. Supersaturation Conditions
                                1. Hypoxic Conditions
                                  1. Measurement and Units
                                2. Carbon Dioxide
                                  1. Sources and Production
                                    1. Respiration
                                      1. Decomposition
                                        1. Groundwater Inputs
                                        2. CO2 Consumption
                                          1. Photosynthesis
                                            1. Atmospheric Exchange
                                            2. pH Relationships
                                              1. Carbonic Acid Formation
                                                1. Buffering Effects
                                              2. Other Dissolved Gases
                                                1. Nitrogen Gas
                                                  1. Methane
                                                    1. Hydrogen Sulfide
                                                  2. Major Ions and Water Chemistry
                                                    1. Cations
                                                      1. Calcium
                                                        1. Magnesium
                                                          1. Sodium
                                                            1. Potassium
                                                            2. Anions
                                                              1. Bicarbonate
                                                                1. Sulfate
                                                                  1. Chloride
                                                                    1. Nitrate
                                                                    2. pH and Acid-Base Chemistry
                                                                      1. Sources of Acidity
                                                                        1. Atmospheric Deposition
                                                                          1. Organic Acid Production
                                                                            1. Mineral Weathering
                                                                            2. Sources of Alkalinity
                                                                              1. Carbonate Weathering
                                                                                1. Silicate Weathering
                                                                                2. Buffering Capacity
                                                                                  1. Carbonate System
                                                                                    1. Phosphate System
                                                                                      1. Organic Acid Systems
                                                                                    2. Conductivity and Ionic Strength
                                                                                      1. Specific Conductance
                                                                                        1. Total Dissolved Solids
                                                                                          1. Salinity Effects
                                                                                        2. Nutrients
                                                                                          1. Nitrogen Cycling
                                                                                            1. Nitrogen Forms
                                                                                              1. Nitrate
                                                                                                1. Nitrite
                                                                                                  1. Ammonium
                                                                                                    1. Dissolved Organic Nitrogen
                                                                                                      1. Particulate Nitrogen
                                                                                                      2. Nitrogen Transformations
                                                                                                        1. Nitrogen Fixation
                                                                                                          1. Nitrification
                                                                                                            1. Denitrification
                                                                                                              1. Mineralization
                                                                                                                1. Immobilization
                                                                                                                2. Nitrogen Sources
                                                                                                                  1. Atmospheric Deposition
                                                                                                                    1. Terrestrial Inputs
                                                                                                                      1. Groundwater
                                                                                                                        1. Point Sources
                                                                                                                      2. Phosphorus Cycling
                                                                                                                        1. Phosphorus Forms
                                                                                                                          1. Orthophosphate
                                                                                                                            1. Dissolved Organic Phosphorus
                                                                                                                              1. Particulate Phosphorus
                                                                                                                              2. Phosphorus Transformations
                                                                                                                                1. Mineralization
                                                                                                                                  1. Immobilization
                                                                                                                                    1. Sorption and Desorption
                                                                                                                                    2. Phosphorus Sources
                                                                                                                                      1. Weathering
                                                                                                                                        1. Terrestrial Inputs
                                                                                                                                          1. Point Sources
                                                                                                                                        2. Silicon Cycling
                                                                                                                                          1. Dissolved Silica
                                                                                                                                            1. Biogenic Silica
                                                                                                                                              1. Role in Diatom Ecology
                                                                                                                                              2. Other Nutrients
                                                                                                                                                1. Sulfur
                                                                                                                                                  1. Iron
                                                                                                                                                    1. Micronutrients
                                                                                                                                                    2. Nutrient Limitation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Liebig's Law of the Minimum
                                                                                                                                                        1. Co-limitation
                                                                                                                                                          1. Seasonal Patterns
                                                                                                                                                            1. Bioassay Methods
                                                                                                                                                          2. Organic Matter Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                            1. Dissolved Organic Matter
                                                                                                                                                              1. Composition and Structure
                                                                                                                                                                1. Humic Substances
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Fulvic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Hydrophilic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Sources and Origins
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Terrestrial Inputs
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Autochthonous Production
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Microbial Processing
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Bioavailability
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Labile Fractions
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Refractory Fractions
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Particulate Organic Matter
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Coarse Particulate Organic Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Size Classification
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Leaf Litter
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Woody Debris
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Processing Pathways
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Fine Particulate Organic Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Transport Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Nutritional Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Organic Matter Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Physical Fragmentation
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Microbial Decomposition
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Invertebrate Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Photodegradation

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                                                                                                                                                                                              2. The Physical Environment

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                                                                                                                                                                                              4. Stream Biota and Adaptations