Radiation Biology

7.

Radiation Protection and Safety

7.1.

Principles of Radiation Protection

7.1.1.

7.1.1.1.

Benefit-Risk Analysis

7.1.1.2.

Medical Necessity

7.1.2.

7.1.2.1.

ALARA Principle

7.1.2.2.

Dose Constraints

7.1.2.3.

Reference Levels

7.1.3.

Dose Limitation

7.1.3.1.

Dose Limits for Workers

7.1.3.2.

Dose Limits for Public

7.1.3.3.

Special Circumstances

7.2.

Practical Protection Measures

7.2.1.

7.2.1.1.

Minimizing Exposure Time

7.2.1.2.

7.2.2.

Distance Considerations

7.2.2.1.

Inverse Square Law

7.2.2.2.

Controlled Areas

7.2.3.

Shielding Design

7.2.3.1.

Material Selection

7.2.3.2.

Thickness Calculations

7.2.3.3.

Barrier Requirements

7.2.4.

Contamination Control

7.2.4.1.

Surface Contamination

7.2.4.2.

Airborne Contamination

7.2.4.3.

Personal Protective Equipment

7.3.

Radiation Detection and Monitoring

7.3.1.

Area Monitoring

7.3.1.1.

7.3.1.2.

Portable Instruments

7.3.1.3.

Contamination Surveys

7.3.2.

Personal Dosimetry

7.3.2.1.

External Dosimetry

7.3.2.2.

Internal Dosimetry

7.3.2.3.

Bioassay Programs

7.3.3.

Environmental Monitoring

7.3.3.1.

7.3.3.2.

Water Monitoring

7.3.3.3.

7.4.

Regulatory Framework

7.4.1.

International Organizations

7.4.1.1.

International Commission on Radiological Protection

7.4.1.2.

International Atomic Energy Agency

7.4.2.

National Regulatory Bodies

7.4.3.

Dose Limits and Constraints

7.4.3.1.

Occupational Limits

7.4.3.2.

7.4.3.3.

Medical Exposure Guidance

7.4.4.

Emergency Response

7.4.4.1.

Accident Classification

7.4.4.2.

Intervention Levels

7.4.4.3.

Countermeasures

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