Radiation Biology

  1. Factors Modifying Radiation Response
    1. Physical Factors
      1. Total Dose Effects
        1. Dose-Response Relationships
          1. Threshold Doses
          2. Dose Rate Effects
            1. High vs. Low Dose Rate
              1. Dose Rate Effectiveness Factor
                1. Repair During Irradiation
                2. Dose Fractionation
                  1. Biological Rationale
                    1. Repair of Sublethal Damage
                      1. Repopulation Effects
                        1. Fractionation Sensitivity
                        2. Radiation Quality
                          1. Linear Energy Transfer
                            1. Low-LET Characteristics
                              1. High-LET Characteristics
                              2. Relative Biological Effectiveness
                                1. Definition and Calculation
                                  1. RBE Variations
                                    1. Factors Affecting RBE
                                    2. Neutron RBE
                                      1. Alpha Particle RBE
                                    3. Chemical Modifiers
                                      1. Radiosensitizers
                                        1. Oxygen Mimetics
                                          1. Halogenated Pyrimidines
                                            1. Bromodeoxyuridine
                                              1. Iododeoxyuridine
                                              2. Hypoxic Cell Sensitizers
                                                1. Nitroimidazoles
                                                  1. Mechanisms of Action
                                                  2. Chemotherapy Combinations
                                                  3. Radioprotectors
                                                    1. Sulfhydryl Compounds
                                                      1. Cysteine and Cysteamine
                                                        1. WR-2721 (Amifostine)
                                                        2. Antioxidants
                                                          1. Vitamin E
                                                            1. Vitamin C
                                                              1. Selenium Compounds
                                                              2. Mechanisms of Protection
                                                                1. Free Radical Scavenging
                                                                  1. Hydrogen Donation
                                                                    1. Metal Chelation
                                                                  2. Dose Modification Factors
                                                                  3. Biological Factors
                                                                    1. The Oxygen Effect
                                                                      1. Mechanism of Oxygen Enhancement
                                                                        1. Oxygen Enhancement Ratio
                                                                          1. Oxygen Concentration Dependence
                                                                            1. Hypoxia in Tumors
                                                                              1. Chronic Hypoxia
                                                                                1. Acute Hypoxia
                                                                                  1. Clinical Implications
                                                                                2. The Five Rs of Radiobiology
                                                                                  1. Repair of Sublethal Damage
                                                                                    1. Mechanisms
                                                                                      1. Time Course
                                                                                        1. Clinical Relevance
                                                                                        2. Repopulation
                                                                                          1. Cell Division During Treatment
                                                                                            1. Accelerated Repopulation
                                                                                              1. Overall Treatment Time
                                                                                              2. Redistribution
                                                                                                1. Cell Cycle Redistribution
                                                                                                  1. Synchronization Effects
                                                                                                  2. Reoxygenation
                                                                                                    1. Tumor Reoxygenation
                                                                                                      1. Mechanisms
                                                                                                        1. Time Course
                                                                                                        2. Intrinsic Radiosensitivity
                                                                                                          1. Genetic Factors
                                                                                                            1. Cellular Characteristics
                                                                                                              1. Individual Variations
                                                                                                            2. Age and Radiosensitivity
                                                                                                              1. Pediatric Sensitivity
                                                                                                                1. Adult Variations
                                                                                                                  1. Elderly Considerations
                                                                                                                  2. Gender Differences
                                                                                                                    1. Genetic Factors
                                                                                                                      1. DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms
                                                                                                                        1. Radiosensitivity Syndromes
                                                                                                                          1. Individual Susceptibility

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                                                                                                                      5. Tissue and Organ Effects

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                                                                                                                      7. Radiation Protection and Safety