Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

  1. On-farm Water Management
    1. Irrigation Scheduling
      1. Soil-based Methods
        1. Tensiometer Readings
          1. Electrical Resistance Blocks
            1. Neutron Probe Measurements
              1. Time Domain Reflectometry
              2. Plant-based Methods
                1. Visual Stress Indicators
                  1. Leaf Water Potential
                    1. Stomatal Conductance
                      1. Infrared Thermometry
                      2. Weather-based Methods
                        1. Evapotranspiration Calculations
                          1. Water Balance Models
                            1. Atmometer Readings
                            2. Computer-aided Scheduling
                              1. Scheduling Software
                                1. Decision Support Systems
                                  1. Real-time Monitoring
                                2. Deficit Irrigation Strategies
                                  1. Regulated Deficit Irrigation
                                    1. Growth Stage Targeting
                                      1. Stress Timing
                                        1. Water Savings
                                          1. Quality Improvements
                                          2. Partial Root-zone Drying
                                            1. Alternating Irrigation
                                              1. Root Zone Management
                                                1. Physiological Responses
                                                2. Supplemental Irrigation
                                                  1. Critical Period Irrigation
                                                    1. Risk Management
                                                      1. Economic Optimization
                                                    2. Water Application Monitoring
                                                      1. Flow Measurement
                                                        1. Mechanical Meters
                                                          1. Electromagnetic Meters
                                                            1. Ultrasonic Meters
                                                              1. Propeller Meters
                                                              2. Volume Measurement
                                                                1. Totalizing Meters
                                                                  1. Hour Meters
                                                                    1. Data Loggers
                                                                    2. Application Uniformity
                                                                      1. Field Evaluation
                                                                        1. Distribution Patterns
                                                                          1. Coefficient of Uniformity
                                                                        2. Precision Water Management
                                                                          1. Variable Rate Irrigation
                                                                            1. Soil Variability Mapping
                                                                              1. Prescription Maps
                                                                                1. GPS-guided Systems
                                                                                2. Sensor Networks
                                                                                  1. Wireless Sensors
                                                                                    1. Data Transmission
                                                                                      1. Automated Control
                                                                                      2. Remote Monitoring
                                                                                        1. Telemetry Systems
                                                                                          1. Internet-based Control
                                                                                            1. Mobile Applications

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                                                                                        13. Salt-affected Soil Management

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                                                                                        15. Water Quality for Irrigation