Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

  1. Subsurface Drainage Systems
    1. System Components
      1. Drain Pipes
        1. Clay Tile
          1. Concrete Tile
            1. Plastic Pipe
              1. Corrugated Pipe
              2. Pipe Joints and Connections
                1. Bell and Spigot Joints
                  1. Coupling Connections
                    1. Flexible Joints
                    2. Envelope Materials
                      1. Gravel Envelopes
                        1. Sand Envelopes
                          1. Synthetic Envelopes
                            1. Geotextile Filters
                            2. Accessories
                              1. Junction Boxes
                                1. Cleanouts
                                  1. Observation Wells
                                    1. Outlet Structures
                                  2. Drain Installation
                                    1. Installation Methods
                                      1. Trenching Machines
                                        1. Trencher-less Installation
                                          1. Hand Installation
                                          2. Installation Depth
                                            1. Minimum Depth
                                              1. Maximum Depth
                                                1. Frost Protection
                                                2. Grade Requirements
                                                  1. Minimum Grades
                                                    1. Uniform Grades
                                                      1. Grade Checking
                                                      2. Backfilling Procedures
                                                        1. Material Selection
                                                          1. Compaction Requirements
                                                            1. Surface Restoration
                                                          2. Subsurface Drain Design
                                                            1. Spacing Determination
                                                              1. Hooghoudt Equation
                                                                1. Ernst Equation
                                                                  1. Glover-Dumm Equation
                                                                    1. Kirkham Equation
                                                                    2. Depth Selection
                                                                      1. Crop Requirements
                                                                        1. Soil Conditions
                                                                          1. Economic Considerations
                                                                          2. Pipe Sizing
                                                                            1. Flow Capacity
                                                                              1. Entrance Velocity
                                                                                1. Self-cleaning Velocity
                                                                                2. System Layout
                                                                                  1. Parallel Systems
                                                                                    1. Herringbone Systems
                                                                                      1. Random Systems
                                                                                        1. Interceptor Systems
                                                                                      2. Special Drainage Systems
                                                                                        1. Mole Drainage
                                                                                          1. Soil Suitability
                                                                                            1. Mole Plow Operation
                                                                                              1. Spacing and Depth
                                                                                                1. Maintenance Requirements
                                                                                                2. Vertical Drainage
                                                                                                  1. Deep Wells
                                                                                                    1. Pumping Systems
                                                                                                      1. Disposal Methods
                                                                                                      2. Bio-drainage
                                                                                                        1. Tree Plantations
                                                                                                          1. Salt-tolerant Plants
                                                                                                            1. Evapotranspiration Enhancement
                                                                                                          2. Drainage System Outlets
                                                                                                            1. Gravity Outlets
                                                                                                              1. Open Ditch Outlets
                                                                                                                1. Pipe Outlets
                                                                                                                  1. Tide Gates
                                                                                                                    1. Flap Gates
                                                                                                                    2. Pumped Outlets
                                                                                                                      1. Pump Selection
                                                                                                                        1. Pump Station Design
                                                                                                                          1. Control Systems
                                                                                                                            1. Backup Systems

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                                                                                                                        11. Surface Drainage Systems

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                                                                                                                        13. Salt-affected Soil Management