Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

  1. Agricultural Drainage Principles
    1. Need for Drainage
      1. Waterlogging Causes
        1. Excessive Irrigation
          1. Poor Natural Drainage
            1. High Water Tables
              1. Impermeable Layers
              2. Effects on Crop Production
                1. Root Zone Aeration
                  1. Nutrient Availability
                    1. Disease and Pest Issues
                      1. Trafficability Problems
                      2. Soil Salinity Issues
                        1. Salt Accumulation
                          1. Sodicity Problems
                            1. Reclamation Requirements
                          2. Drainage Investigations
                            1. Site Assessment
                              1. Topographic Surveys
                                1. Soil Investigations
                                  1. Hydrologic Studies
                                    1. Water Quality Analysis
                                    2. Water Table Studies
                                      1. Observation Well Installation
                                        1. Water Level Monitoring
                                          1. Seasonal Variations
                                            1. Response to Irrigation
                                            2. Soil Permeability Testing
                                              1. Auger Hole Method
                                                1. Piezometer Method
                                                  1. Laboratory Testing
                                                    1. Pumping Tests
                                                    2. Drainage Requirements
                                                      1. Crop Tolerance
                                                        1. Design Criteria
                                                          1. Drainage Coefficients
                                                        2. Drainage System Planning
                                                          1. System Layout
                                                            1. Natural Drainage Patterns
                                                              1. Outlet Locations
                                                                1. Main Drain Alignment
                                                                  1. Lateral Drain Spacing
                                                                  2. Design Standards
                                                                    1. Drainage Intensity
                                                                      1. Design Storm
                                                                        1. Removal Capacity
                                                                          1. Safety Factors
                                                                          2. Environmental Considerations
                                                                            1. Water Quality Protection
                                                                              1. Wetland Preservation
                                                                                1. Wildlife Habitat
                                                                                  1. Downstream Impacts

                                                                              Previous

                                                                              9. Water Conveyance and Control Structures

                                                                              Go to top

                                                                              Next

                                                                              11. Surface Drainage Systems