Game Development with Python and Pygame

2.

Core Pygame Concepts

2.1.

The Basic Pygame Program Structure

2.1.1.

Importing and Initializing Pygame

2.1.1.1.

Import Statements

2.1.1.2.

pygame.init() and Module Initialization

2.1.1.3.

Checking Initialization Success

2.1.2.

Creating the Display Window

2.1.2.1.

Setting Window Size

2.1.2.2.

Setting Window Title and Icon

2.1.2.3.

Display Modes and Flags

2.1.3.

The Main Game Loop

2.1.3.1.

2.1.3.2.

Loop Termination Conditions

2.1.4.

Quitting the Game

2.1.4.1.

Handling Exit Events

2.1.4.2.

Cleaning Up Resources

2.1.4.3.

pygame.quit() Function

2.2.

The Game Loop in Detail

2.2.1.

Handling Events

2.2.1.1.

Processing the Event Queue

2.2.1.2.

Responding to User Input

2.2.1.3.

Event Filtering

2.2.2.

Updating Game Logic

2.2.2.1.

Updating Object States

2.2.2.2.

Managing Game Timers

2.2.2.3.

Physics Calculations

2.2.3.

Rendering Graphics

2.2.3.1.

Clearing the Screen

2.2.3.2.

Drawing Game Objects

2.2.3.3.

Flipping and Updating the Display

2.3.

Surfaces and Rects

2.3.1.

Understanding Surfaces as Canvases

2.3.1.1.

What is a Surface

2.3.1.2.

Surface Pixel Formats

2.3.1.3.

Surface Flags and Properties

2.3.2.

Creating and Manipulating Surfaces

2.3.2.1.

Creating New Surfaces

2.3.2.2.

Loading Images into Surfaces

2.3.2.3.

Copying and Sub-Surfacing

2.3.2.4.

Surface Blending Modes

2.3.3.

The pygame.Rect Object for Position and Size

2.3.3.1.

2.3.3.2.

Rect Attributes

2.3.3.3.

Rect Coordinate System

2.3.4.

Moving and Manipulating Rects

2.3.4.1.

Changing Position

2.3.4.2.

2.3.4.3.

Rect Methods and Operations

2.3.4.4.

Rect Collision Properties

2.4.

Colors and Drawing

2.4.1.

Representing Colors

2.4.1.1.

RGB Color Model

2.4.1.2.

RGBA and Alpha Values

2.4.1.3.

Defining Colors in Pygame

2.4.1.4.

Color Constants

2.4.2.

Filling the Screen with Color

2.4.2.1.

Using Surface.fill()

2.4.2.2.

Partial Fills with Rects

2.4.3.

Drawing Primitive Shapes

2.4.3.1.

2.4.3.1.1.

Drawing Filled Rectangles

2.4.3.1.2.

Drawing Outlined Rectangles

2.4.3.2.

2.4.3.2.1.

Drawing Filled Circles

2.4.3.2.2.

Drawing Outlined Circles

2.4.3.3.

2.4.3.3.1.

Drawing Ellipses within Rects

2.4.3.4.

2.4.3.4.1.

Drawing Arbitrary Polygons

2.4.3.5.

2.4.3.5.1.

Drawing Single Lines

2.4.3.5.2.

Drawing Multiple Lines

2.4.3.5.3.

Line Width and Anti-Aliasing

2.4.3.6.

2.4.3.6.1.

Drawing Arc Segments

2.5.

Controlling Time and Frame Rate

2.5.1.

The pygame.time.Clock Object

2.5.1.1.

Creating a Clock Instance

2.5.1.2.

Using tick() to Control FPS

2.5.2.

Capping the Frames Per Second

2.5.2.1.

Setting a Target FPS

2.5.2.2.

Monitoring Actual FPS

2.5.3.

Understanding Delta Time for Frame-Independent Movement

2.5.3.1.

Calculating Delta Time

2.5.3.2.

Applying Delta Time to Movement

2.5.4.

Time-Based Events

2.5.4.1.

Using pygame.time.get_ticks()

2.5.4.2.

Creating Timers

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1. Foundations of Python and Pygame

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3. Handling User Input and Events