Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology

  1. Environmental Remediation Technologies
    1. Site Characterization
      1. Contamination Assessment
        1. Hydrogeological Investigation
          1. Risk Assessment
          2. Physical Treatment Methods
            1. Adsorption
              1. Activated Carbon
                1. Granular Activated Carbon
                  1. Powdered Activated Carbon
                  2. Other Adsorbents
                    1. Zeolites
                      1. Clay Minerals
                        1. Biochar
                      2. Air Stripping
                        1. Packed Tower Air Stripping
                          1. Tray Tower Air Stripping
                          2. Soil Vapor Extraction
                            1. In-situ Soil Vapor Extraction
                              1. Enhanced Soil Vapor Extraction
                              2. Filtration
                                1. Sand Filtration
                                  1. Membrane Filtration
                                  2. Solidification and Stabilization
                                  3. Chemical Treatment Methods
                                    1. Chemical Oxidation
                                      1. Advanced Oxidation Processes
                                        1. Ozonation
                                          1. UV/Hydrogen Peroxide
                                            1. Fenton's Reagent
                                            2. In-situ Chemical Oxidation
                                            3. Chemical Reduction
                                              1. Zero-Valent Iron
                                                1. Chemical Reducing Agents
                                                2. Neutralization
                                                  1. Acid Neutralization
                                                    1. Base Neutralization
                                                    2. Precipitation
                                                      1. Metal Precipitation
                                                        1. Coprecipitation
                                                        2. Ion Exchange
                                                        3. Biological Treatment Methods
                                                          1. In-situ Bioremediation
                                                            1. Natural Attenuation
                                                              1. Enhanced Bioremediation
                                                              2. Ex-situ Bioremediation
                                                                1. Bioreactors
                                                                  1. Composting
                                                                    1. Landfarming
                                                                    2. Bioaugmentation
                                                                      1. Microbial Inoculation
                                                                        1. Genetically Engineered Microorganisms
                                                                        2. Biostimulation
                                                                          1. Nutrient Addition
                                                                            1. Electron Acceptor Addition
                                                                            2. Phytoremediation
                                                                              1. Phytoextraction
                                                                                1. Phytostabilization
                                                                                  1. Phytodegradation
                                                                                    1. Rhizofiltration
                                                                                      1. Phytovolatilization
                                                                                    2. Thermal Treatment Methods
                                                                                      1. Incineration
                                                                                        1. Rotary Kiln Incineration
                                                                                          1. Fluidized Bed Incineration
                                                                                          2. Thermal Desorption
                                                                                            1. Low-Temperature Thermal Desorption
                                                                                              1. High-Temperature Thermal Desorption
                                                                                              2. Pyrolysis
                                                                                                1. Vitrification
                                                                                                2. Selection and Evaluation of Remediation Technologies
                                                                                                  1. Site Assessment
                                                                                                    1. Contaminant Characteristics
                                                                                                      1. Site Conditions
                                                                                                        1. Regulatory Requirements
                                                                                                        2. Technology Screening
                                                                                                          1. Applicability
                                                                                                            1. Effectiveness
                                                                                                              1. Implementability
                                                                                                              2. Cost Analysis
                                                                                                                1. Capital Costs
                                                                                                                  1. Operating Costs
                                                                                                                    1. Life-Cycle Costs
                                                                                                                    2. Performance Monitoring
                                                                                                                      1. Monitoring Parameters
                                                                                                                        1. Sampling and Analysis
                                                                                                                          1. Data Evaluation
                                                                                                                          2. Regulatory Considerations
                                                                                                                            1. Cleanup Standards
                                                                                                                              1. Permit Requirements
                                                                                                                                1. Stakeholder Acceptance

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                                                                                                                            10. Environmental Risk Assessment and Management

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                                                                                                                            1. Introduction to Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology