Cell Biology

  1. Cell Communication and Signal Transduction
    1. Principles of Cell Signaling
      1. Signal Transduction Overview
        1. Signal Recognition
          1. Signal Transduction
            1. Cellular Response
            2. Types of Signaling Molecules
              1. Hormones
                1. Neurotransmitters
                  1. Growth Factors
                    1. Cytokines
                    2. Receptor Types
                      1. Cell Surface Receptors
                        1. Intracellular Receptors
                      2. Modes of Cell Communication
                        1. Endocrine Signaling
                          1. Hormone Transport
                            1. Target Cell Specificity
                            2. Paracrine Signaling
                              1. Local Signaling
                                1. Growth Factors
                                2. Autocrine Signaling
                                  1. Self-Stimulation
                                  2. Synaptic Signaling
                                    1. Neurotransmitter Release
                                      1. Synaptic Transmission
                                      2. Contact-Dependent Signaling
                                        1. Cell Surface Interactions
                                      3. Signal Transduction Mechanisms
                                        1. G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
                                          1. GPCR Structure
                                            1. G-Protein Activation
                                              1. Second Messenger Systems
                                                1. cAMP Pathway
                                                  1. IP3/DAG Pathway
                                                    1. Calcium Signaling
                                                  2. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
                                                    1. RTK Structure
                                                      1. Dimerization and Autophosphorylation
                                                        1. Downstream Signaling Cascades
                                                          1. MAP Kinase Pathway
                                                            1. PI3K/Akt Pathway
                                                          2. Ion Channel Receptors
                                                            1. Ligand-Gated Channels
                                                              1. Voltage-Gated Channels
                                                                1. Mechanosensitive Channels
                                                                2. Nuclear Receptors
                                                                  1. Steroid Hormone Receptors
                                                                    1. Gene Expression Regulation
                                                                  2. Second Messenger Systems
                                                                    1. Cyclic AMP
                                                                      1. Adenylyl Cyclase
                                                                        1. Protein Kinase A
                                                                          1. CREB Activation
                                                                          2. Calcium Signaling
                                                                            1. Calcium Sources
                                                                              1. Calcium-Binding Proteins
                                                                                1. Calmodulin
                                                                                2. Phosphoinositide Signaling
                                                                                  1. PIP2 Hydrolysis
                                                                                    1. IP3 and DAG Functions
                                                                                      1. Protein Kinase C
                                                                                    2. Signal Integration and Termination
                                                                                      1. Signal Amplification
                                                                                        1. Enzyme Cascades
                                                                                        2. Signal Termination
                                                                                          1. Receptor Desensitization
                                                                                            1. Second Messenger Degradation
                                                                                            2. Cross-Talk Between Pathways
                                                                                              1. Pathway Integration

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                                                                                          5. Cellular Energetics and Metabolism

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                                                                                          7. Cell Cycle and Cell Division