Biostatistics

  1. Bias and Confounding
    1. Selection Bias
      1. Definition and Types
        1. Volunteer Bias
          1. Survival Bias
            1. Loss to Follow-up Bias
              1. Berkson's Bias
                1. Prevention and Control Methods
                2. Information Bias
                  1. Measurement Error
                    1. Random vs Systematic Error
                      1. Differential vs Non-Differential Misclassification
                      2. Recall Bias
                        1. Definition and Examples
                          1. Prevention Strategies
                          2. Observer Bias
                            1. Definition and Examples
                              1. Blinding as Prevention
                              2. Reporting Bias
                                1. Social Desirability Bias
                                  1. Response Bias
                                2. Confounding
                                  1. Definition and Criteria
                                    1. Identifying Confounders
                                      1. Causal Diagrams
                                        1. Statistical Associations
                                        2. Effects on Measures of Association
                                          1. Positive Confounding
                                            1. Negative Confounding
                                            2. Control Methods in Design
                                              1. Randomization
                                                1. Restriction
                                                  1. Matching
                                                  2. Control Methods in Analysis
                                                    1. Stratification
                                                      1. Standardization
                                                        1. Multivariable Modeling
                                                      2. Effect Modification
                                                        1. Definition and Distinction from Confounding
                                                          1. Identifying Effect Modification
                                                            1. Statistical Testing for Interaction
                                                              1. Reporting and Interpretation

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                                                            8. Study Design Types

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                                                            10. Statistical Inference