Biostatistics

  1. Epidemiological Measures
    1. Measures of Disease Frequency
      1. Incidence Measures
        1. Cumulative Incidence
          1. Definition and Calculation
            1. Time Period Specification
              1. Risk Interpretation
              2. Incidence Rate
                1. Definition and Calculation
                  1. Person-Time Denominator
                    1. Rate Interpretation
                    2. Relationship Between Measures
                      1. Mathematical Connections
                        1. When to Use Each
                      2. Prevalence Measures
                        1. Point Prevalence
                          1. Definition and Calculation
                            1. Cross-Sectional Assessment
                            2. Period Prevalence
                              1. Definition and Calculation
                                1. Time Window Considerations
                                2. Lifetime Prevalence
                                  1. Definition and Applications
                                3. Mortality Measures
                                  1. Crude Death Rate
                                    1. Age-Specific Death Rates
                                      1. Cause-Specific Death Rates
                                        1. Case Fatality Rate
                                      2. Measures of Association
                                        1. Risk Ratio (Relative Risk)
                                          1. Definition and Calculation
                                            1. Interpretation Guidelines
                                              1. Confidence Intervals
                                              2. Odds Ratio
                                                1. Definition and Calculation
                                                  1. Relationship to Risk Ratio
                                                    1. Applications in Case-Control Studies
                                                    2. Rate Ratio
                                                      1. Definition and Calculation
                                                        1. Person-Time Considerations
                                                          1. Applications in Cohort Studies
                                                          2. Hazard Ratio
                                                            1. Definition from Survival Analysis
                                                              1. Interpretation in Epidemiology
                                                            2. Measures of Impact
                                                              1. Attributable Risk
                                                                1. Risk Difference
                                                                  1. Attributable Risk Percent
                                                                    1. Clinical Interpretation
                                                                    2. Population Attributable Risk
                                                                      1. Calculation Methods
                                                                        1. Public Health Interpretation
                                                                        2. Population Attributable Fraction
                                                                          1. Proportion of Disease Attributable
                                                                            1. Prevention Implications
                                                                            2. Number Needed to Treat
                                                                              1. Calculation from Risk Difference
                                                                                1. Clinical Decision Making
                                                                                2. Number Needed to Harm
                                                                                  1. Adverse Effect Assessment
                                                                                    1. Risk-Benefit Analysis
                                                                                  2. Standardization Methods
                                                                                    1. Direct Standardization
                                                                                      1. Age-Adjusted Rates
                                                                                        1. Standard Population Selection
                                                                                          1. Interpretation and Limitations
                                                                                          2. Indirect Standardization
                                                                                            1. Standardized Mortality Ratio
                                                                                              1. Expected vs Observed Cases
                                                                                                1. Applications and Limitations

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                                                                                            17. Clinical Trial Methodology

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                                                                                            19. Data Management and Quality