Bioreactor Design and Operation

  1. Heat Transfer in Bioreactors
    1. Heat Generation Sources
      1. Metabolic Heat Production
        1. Heat of Reaction
          1. Estimation Methods
            1. Temperature Effects
            2. Mechanical Heat Generation
              1. Agitation Power Input
                1. Heat Conversion Efficiency
                  1. Power Dissipation
                  2. External Heat Sources
                    1. Sterilization Heat
                      1. Environmental Heat Load
                    2. Heat Removal Mechanisms
                      1. Conductive Heat Transfer
                        1. Vessel Wall Conduction
                          1. Internal Heat Exchangers
                          2. Convective Heat Transfer
                            1. Natural Convection
                              1. Forced Convection
                                1. Heat Transfer Coefficients
                                2. Evaporative Cooling
                                  1. Water Evaporation
                                    1. Latent Heat Effects
                                  2. Heat Transfer Equipment
                                    1. Jacketed Vessels
                                      1. Full Jackets
                                        1. Half-Pipe Jackets
                                          1. Dimple Jackets
                                            1. Heat Transfer Efficiency
                                            2. Internal Coils
                                              1. Helical Coils
                                                1. Straight Tube Bundles
                                                  1. Design Considerations
                                                    1. Cleaning Challenges
                                                    2. External Heat Exchangers
                                                      1. Plate Heat Exchangers
                                                        1. Shell-and-Tube Exchangers
                                                          1. Circulation Systems
                                                        2. Heat Transfer Calculations
                                                          1. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
                                                            1. Individual Resistances
                                                              1. Fouling Factors
                                                                1. Temperature Dependence
                                                                2. Log Mean Temperature Difference
                                                                  1. Calculation Methods
                                                                    1. Correction Factors
                                                                      1. Application Limitations
                                                                      2. Heat Balance Equations
                                                                        1. Steady-State Analysis
                                                                          1. Transient Analysis
                                                                            1. Energy Conservation
                                                                          2. Temperature Control Systems
                                                                            1. Control Strategies
                                                                              1. Feedback Control
                                                                                1. Feedforward Control
                                                                                  1. Cascade Control
                                                                                  2. Control Equipment
                                                                                    1. Temperature Controllers
                                                                                      1. Control Valves
                                                                                        1. Heating Systems
                                                                                          1. Cooling Systems
                                                                                          2. Emergency Systems
                                                                                            1. Emergency Cooling
                                                                                              1. Temperature Alarms
                                                                                                1. Safety Interlocks

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                                                                                            3. Mass Transfer in Bioreactors

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                                                                                            5. Bioreactor Design and Construction