Battery Technology

9.

Applications of Battery Technology

9.1.

Consumer Electronics

9.1.1.

Smartphones and Tablets

9.1.1.1.

Energy Density Requirements

9.1.1.2.

Fast Charging Needs

9.1.1.3.

Form Factor Constraints

9.1.2.

Laptops and Portable Computers

9.1.2.1.

Power Management

9.1.2.2.

Battery Life Expectations

9.1.3.

Wearable Devices

9.1.3.1.

Size and Weight Constraints

9.1.3.2.

Biocompatibility

9.1.4.

Portable Audio and Video Devices

9.1.4.1.

Power Consumption Profiles

9.1.4.2.

Durability Requirements

9.2.

Automotive and Transportation

9.2.1.

Electric Vehicles

9.2.1.1.

Battery Pack Requirements

9.2.1.2.

Range and Performance

9.2.1.3.

Charging Infrastructure

9.2.1.4.

Cost Considerations

9.2.2.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

9.2.2.1.

Power Assist Function

9.2.2.2.

Regenerative Braking

9.2.2.3.

Fuel Economy Benefits

9.2.3.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

9.2.3.1.

All-Electric Range

9.2.3.2.

Dual Power Sources

9.2.4.

Two-Wheeler Applications

9.2.4.1.

E-bikes and Scooters

9.2.4.2.

Weight Sensitivity

9.2.4.3.

Cost Constraints

9.3.

Grid-Scale Energy Storage

9.3.1.

Grid Stabilization Services

9.3.1.1.

Frequency Regulation

9.3.1.2.

Voltage Support

9.3.1.3.

Black Start Capability

9.3.2.

Renewable Energy Integration

9.3.2.1.

Solar Energy Storage

9.3.2.2.

Wind Energy Storage

9.3.2.3.

Intermittency Management

9.3.3.

Grid Optimization

9.3.3.1.

9.3.3.2.

9.3.3.3.

Transmission Deferral

9.3.4.

Distributed Energy Systems

9.3.4.1.

9.3.4.2.

Behind-the-Meter Storage

9.3.4.3.

Backup Power Systems

9.4.

Aerospace and Defense

9.4.1.

Satellite Applications

9.4.1.1.

Space Environment Challenges

9.4.1.2.

Long Mission Life

9.4.1.3.

Radiation Resistance

9.4.2.

Aircraft Systems

9.4.2.1.

Weight Constraints

9.4.2.2.

Safety Requirements

9.4.2.3.

Emergency Power

9.4.3.

Unmanned Systems

9.4.3.1.

Drones and UAVs

9.4.3.2.

Autonomous Vehicles

9.4.3.3.

9.4.4.

Military Applications

9.4.4.1.

Portable Power Systems

9.4.4.2.

Silent Operation

9.4.4.3.

Extreme Conditions

9.5.

Medical and Healthcare

9.5.1.

Implantable Devices

9.5.1.1.

Pacemakers and Defibrillators

9.5.1.2.

Biocompatibility Requirements

9.5.1.3.

Long-term Reliability

9.5.2.

Portable Medical Equipment

9.5.2.1.

Diagnostic Devices

9.5.2.2.

Monitoring Systems

9.5.2.3.

Emergency Equipment

9.5.3.

Hospital Backup Systems

9.5.3.1.

Uninterruptible Power Supply

9.5.3.2.

Critical Care Support

9.6.

Industrial Applications

9.6.1.

9.6.1.1.

Cordless Tool Systems

9.6.1.2.

High Power Requirements

9.6.1.3.

Durability Needs

9.6.2.

Robotics and Automation

9.6.2.1.

9.6.2.2.

Automated Guided Vehicles

9.6.2.3.

Sensor Networks

9.6.3.

Material Handling

9.6.3.1.

Forklifts and Warehouse Equipment

9.6.3.2.

Heavy-Duty Applications

9.6.3.3.

Fast Charging Requirements

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8. Emerging and Future Battery Technologies

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1. Introduction to Battery Technology