Battery Technology

  1. Classification of Batteries
    1. Primary Batteries
      1. Characteristics and Applications
        1. Single-use Nature
          1. High Energy Density
            1. Long Shelf Life
            2. Alkaline Batteries
              1. Zinc-Manganese Dioxide Chemistry
                1. Construction Details
                  1. Common Applications
                  2. Zinc-Carbon Batteries
                    1. Basic Chemistry
                      1. Performance Limitations
                        1. Cost Advantages
                        2. Lithium Primary Cells
                          1. Lithium Manganese Dioxide
                            1. Lithium Thionyl Chloride
                              1. Lithium Iron Disulfide
                              2. Silver-Oxide Cells
                                1. Chemistry and Construction
                                  1. Watch and Medical Applications
                                  2. Zinc-Air Cells
                                    1. Oxygen Reduction Mechanism
                                      1. Hearing Aid Applications
                                        1. Button Cell Design
                                      2. Secondary Batteries
                                        1. General Principles of Rechargeability
                                          1. Reversible Reactions
                                            1. Charging Requirements
                                              1. Cycle Life Considerations
                                              2. Lead-Acid Batteries
                                                1. Basic Chemistry and Structure
                                                  1. Flooded Lead-Acid
                                                    1. Maintenance Requirements
                                                      1. Electrolyte Management
                                                      2. Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid
                                                        1. Sealed Design Benefits
                                                          1. Absorbent Glass Mat Technology
                                                            1. Gel Cell Construction
                                                          2. Nickel-Cadmium Batteries
                                                            1. Chemistry and Construction
                                                              1. Memory Effect Phenomenon
                                                                1. Environmental Concerns
                                                                2. Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
                                                                  1. Chemistry and Advantages
                                                                    1. Hydrogen Storage Alloys
                                                                      1. Applications and Limitations
                                                                      2. Lithium-ion Batteries
                                                                        1. Overview of Chemistries
                                                                          1. Intercalation Mechanism
                                                                            1. Advantages and Limitations

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                                                                        3. Key Performance Characteristics and Metrics

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                                                                        5. Lithium-ion Battery Technology in Depth