Battery Technology

  1. Emerging and Future Battery Technologies
    1. Solid-State Batteries
      1. Advantages over Liquid Electrolytes
        1. Safety Improvements
          1. Energy Density Potential
            1. Temperature Stability
            2. Solid Electrolyte Types
              1. Sulfide Electrolytes
                1. High Ionic Conductivity
                  1. Processing Challenges
                  2. Oxide Electrolytes
                    1. Chemical Stability
                      1. Interface Issues
                      2. Polymer Electrolytes
                        1. Flexibility
                          1. Conductivity Limitations
                        2. Technical Challenges
                          1. Interface Stability
                            1. Manufacturing Scalability
                              1. Cost Considerations
                            2. Advanced Lithium-ion Chemistries
                              1. High-Nickel Cathodes
                                1. Performance Benefits
                                  1. Safety Trade-offs
                                    1. Thermal Stability Issues
                                    2. Silicon-Dominant Anodes
                                      1. Capacity Advantages
                                        1. Volume Expansion Problems
                                          1. Cycle Life Challenges
                                        2. Beyond Lithium-ion Technologies
                                          1. Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
                                            1. High Theoretical Capacity
                                              1. Polysulfide Shuttle Problem
                                                1. Electrolyte Requirements
                                                2. Lithium-Air Batteries
                                                  1. Oxygen Reduction Mechanism
                                                    1. Rechargeability Challenges
                                                      1. Electrolyte Stability
                                                      2. Metal-Air Batteries
                                                        1. Zinc-Air Systems
                                                          1. Aluminum-Air Systems
                                                            1. Iron-Air Systems
                                                            2. Sodium-ion Batteries
                                                              1. Abundance of Sodium
                                                                1. Similar Chemistry to Lithium-ion
                                                                  1. Performance Limitations
                                                                  2. Multivalent Ion Batteries
                                                                    1. Magnesium-ion Systems
                                                                      1. Calcium-ion Systems
                                                                        1. Aluminum-ion Systems
                                                                        2. Flow Batteries
                                                                          1. Redox Flow Principles
                                                                            1. Vanadium Redox Flow
                                                                              1. Organic Flow Batteries
                                                                                1. Scalability Advantages

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                                                                            7. Battery Lifecycle Management

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                                                                            9. Applications of Battery Technology