Autonomous Vehicles (Self-Driving Cars)

  1. Testing, Validation, and Verification
    1. Simulation-Based Testing
      1. Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) Testing
        1. Algorithm Validation
          1. Virtual Environment Testing
            1. Scenario-Based Simulation
            2. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Testing
              1. Real-Time Hardware Testing
                1. Sensor Simulation
                  1. Actuator Testing
                  2. Vehicle-in-the-Loop (VIL) Testing
                    1. Full Vehicle Simulation
                      1. Mixed Reality Testing
                        1. Driver-in-the-Loop Testing
                      2. Physical Testing Methods
                        1. Closed-Course Testing
                          1. Proving Ground Testing
                            1. Controlled Scenario Testing
                              1. Repeatability and Consistency
                              2. Test Track Facilities
                                1. High-Speed Testing
                                  1. Weather Simulation
                                    1. Urban Environment Simulation
                                    2. Public Road Testing
                                      1. Safety Driver Protocols
                                        1. Data Collection Procedures
                                          1. Regulatory Compliance
                                        2. Test Scenario Development
                                          1. Critical Scenario Identification
                                            1. Accident Database Analysis
                                              1. Expert Knowledge Integration
                                                1. Machine Learning-Based Generation
                                                2. Scenario Parameterization
                                                  1. Weather Conditions
                                                    1. Traffic Density Variations
                                                      1. Road Geometry Changes
                                                      2. Edge Case Testing
                                                        1. Rare Event Simulation
                                                          1. Adversarial Testing
                                                            1. Stress Testing Methods
                                                          2. Metrics and Evaluation
                                                            1. Safety Metrics
                                                              1. Disengagement Rates
                                                                1. Near-Miss Analysis
                                                                  1. Collision Avoidance Performance
                                                                  2. Performance Metrics
                                                                    1. Comfort and Smoothness
                                                                      1. Efficiency Measurements
                                                                        1. Task Completion Rates
                                                                        2. Coverage Metrics
                                                                          1. Scenario Coverage
                                                                            1. Code Coverage
                                                                              1. Functional Coverage
                                                                            2. Formal Verification Methods
                                                                              1. Model Checking Techniques
                                                                                1. Temporal Logic Verification
                                                                                  1. State Space Exploration
                                                                                    1. Property Verification
                                                                                    2. Static Analysis Methods
                                                                                      1. Code Analysis Tools
                                                                                        1. Abstract Interpretation
                                                                                          1. Symbolic Execution
                                                                                          2. Safety Case Development
                                                                                            1. Argument Structure
                                                                                              1. Evidence Collection
                                                                                                1. Assurance Cases

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                                                                                            8. System Integration and Communication

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                                                                                            10. Safety, Security, and Reliability