Autonomous Vehicles (Self-Driving Cars)

  1. Environmental Perception and Scene Understanding
    1. Object Detection and Recognition
      1. Detection Algorithms and Techniques
        1. Traditional Computer Vision Methods
          1. Deep Learning-Based Detection
            1. Real-Time Processing Requirements
            2. Vehicle Detection
              1. Car and Truck Recognition
                1. Motorcycle Detection
                  1. Emergency Vehicle Identification
                  2. Pedestrian Detection
                    1. Adult Pedestrian Recognition
                      1. Child Detection Challenges
                        1. Pedestrian Pose and Orientation
                        2. Cyclist and Micromobility Detection
                          1. Bicycle Recognition
                            1. E-Scooter and E-Bike Detection
                              1. Rider Behavior Prediction
                              2. Static Object Detection
                                1. Traffic Cones and Barriers
                                  1. Construction Equipment
                                    1. Debris and Road Hazards
                                    2. Animal Detection
                                      1. Large Animal Recognition
                                        1. Small Animal Challenges
                                          1. Rural and Highway Scenarios
                                        2. Object Classification and Attributes
                                          1. Classification Methodologies
                                            1. Feature-Based Classification
                                              1. Deep Learning Classification
                                                1. Multi-Class vs. Binary Classification
                                                2. Vehicle Classification
                                                  1. Vehicle Type Identification
                                                    1. Size and Dimension Estimation
                                                      1. Commercial vs. Passenger Vehicles
                                                      2. Handling Unknown Objects
                                                        1. Novelty Detection
                                                          1. Conservative Classification Strategies
                                                            1. Human Operator Alerts
                                                          2. Object Tracking and Motion Prediction
                                                            1. Multi-Object Tracking (MOT)
                                                              1. Data Association Algorithms
                                                                1. Track Initialization and Termination
                                                                  1. Identity Management
                                                                  2. Motion Models
                                                                    1. Constant Velocity Models
                                                                      1. Constant Acceleration Models
                                                                        1. Bicycle and Kinematic Models
                                                                        2. Trajectory Prediction
                                                                          1. Short-Term Prediction Methods
                                                                            1. Long-Term Behavior Forecasting
                                                                              1. Uncertainty Quantification
                                                                              2. Occlusion Handling
                                                                                1. Partial Occlusion Management
                                                                                  1. Track Continuity Maintenance
                                                                                    1. Re-Identification Techniques
                                                                                  2. Semantic Segmentation
                                                                                    1. Pixel-Level Scene Understanding
                                                                                      1. Semantic vs. Instance Segmentation
                                                                                        1. Real-Time Segmentation Requirements
                                                                                        2. Road Surface Segmentation
                                                                                          1. Drivable Area Identification
                                                                                            1. Road Type Classification
                                                                                              1. Surface Condition Assessment
                                                                                              2. Infrastructure Segmentation
                                                                                                1. Sidewalk and Curb Detection
                                                                                                  1. Building and Structure Recognition
                                                                                                    1. Vegetation and Natural Features
                                                                                                    2. Dynamic Object Segmentation
                                                                                                      1. Moving vs. Static Object Distinction
                                                                                                        1. Temporal Consistency
                                                                                                      2. Lane and Road Geometry Detection
                                                                                                        1. Lane Marking Detection
                                                                                                          1. Solid and Dashed Line Recognition
                                                                                                            1. Lane Marking Types and Colors
                                                                                                              1. Worn and Faded Marking Handling
                                                                                                              2. Road Boundary Detection
                                                                                                                1. Curb and Edge Detection
                                                                                                                  1. Guardrail Recognition
                                                                                                                    1. Shoulder and Median Identification
                                                                                                                    2. Road Geometry Estimation
                                                                                                                      1. Curvature and Banking
                                                                                                                        1. Road Width Measurement
                                                                                                                          1. Intersection Geometry
                                                                                                                          2. Construction Zone Handling
                                                                                                                            1. Temporary Lane Markings
                                                                                                                              1. Construction Barrier Recognition
                                                                                                                                1. Work Zone Navigation
                                                                                                                              2. Traffic Control Device Recognition
                                                                                                                                1. Traffic Light Detection
                                                                                                                                  1. Signal State Recognition
                                                                                                                                    1. Arrow and Special Signals
                                                                                                                                      1. Flashing Light Interpretation
                                                                                                                                      2. Traffic Sign Recognition
                                                                                                                                        1. Regulatory Sign Classification
                                                                                                                                          1. Warning Sign Detection
                                                                                                                                            1. Guide Sign Recognition
                                                                                                                                              1. Variable Message Signs
                                                                                                                                              2. Pavement Markings
                                                                                                                                                1. Stop Lines and Crosswalks
                                                                                                                                                  1. Turn Arrows and Symbols
                                                                                                                                                    1. Speed Limit Markings
                                                                                                                                                    2. Temporary and Electronic Signs
                                                                                                                                                      1. Construction Zone Signs
                                                                                                                                                        1. Electronic Variable Signs
                                                                                                                                                          1. Portable Traffic Control Devices

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                                                                                                                                                      2. Sensor Technologies and Hardware Components

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                                                                                                                                                      4. Localization and Mapping