Aqueous Geochemistry

  1. Geochemistry of Natural Water Systems
    1. Atmospheric Water (Precipitation)
      1. Composition of Rainwater
        1. Major Ions
          1. Trace Elements
            1. pH Values
            2. Interaction with Atmospheric Gases
              1. CO2 Dissolution
                1. SO2 and NOx Dissolution
                  1. Aerosol Incorporation
                  2. Acid Rain
                    1. Formation Mechanisms
                      1. Geographic Patterns
                        1. Environmental Impacts
                          1. Mitigation Strategies
                          2. Snow and Ice Chemistry
                            1. Seasonal Variations
                              1. Meltwater Chemistry
                            2. Groundwater Geochemistry
                              1. Water-Rock Interaction along Flow Paths
                                1. Progressive Chemical Evolution
                                  1. Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation
                                    1. Ion Exchange Processes
                                      1. Mixing Processes
                                      2. Geochemical Evolution of Groundwater
                                        1. Recharge Zone Chemistry
                                          1. Intermediate Zone Chemistry
                                            1. Discharge Zone Chemistry
                                              1. Residence Time Effects
                                              2. Hydrochemical Facies
                                                1. Classification Systems
                                                  1. Piper Diagrams
                                                    1. Stiff Diagrams
                                                    2. Saline Intrusion
                                                      1. Coastal Aquifer Systems
                                                        1. Mixing Processes
                                                          1. Impacts on Water Quality
                                                            1. Management Strategies
                                                            2. Geothermal Waters
                                                              1. High-Temperature Reactions
                                                                1. Mineral Scaling
                                                                  1. Gas Content
                                                                2. River and Stream Geochemistry
                                                                  1. Influence of Bedrock Geology
                                                                    1. Carbonate Terrains
                                                                      1. Silicate Terrains
                                                                        1. Evaporite Terrains
                                                                        2. Influence of Climate
                                                                          1. Precipitation Patterns
                                                                            1. Temperature Effects
                                                                              1. Evaporation
                                                                              2. Conservative Solutes
                                                                                1. Chloride as a Tracer
                                                                                  1. Mixing Models
                                                                                  2. Non-conservative Solutes
                                                                                    1. Biological Uptake
                                                                                      1. Sorption Processes
                                                                                        1. Precipitation Reactions
                                                                                        2. Temporal Variations
                                                                                          1. Diurnal Variations
                                                                                            1. Seasonal Variations
                                                                                              1. Storm Event Effects
                                                                                              2. Longitudinal Profiles
                                                                                                1. Headwater Chemistry
                                                                                                  1. Downstream Evolution
                                                                                                2. Lake Geochemistry
                                                                                                  1. Stratification
                                                                                                    1. Thermal Stratification
                                                                                                      1. Chemical Stratification
                                                                                                        1. Density Effects
                                                                                                        2. Turnover Events
                                                                                                          1. Spring and Fall Turnover
                                                                                                            1. Mixing Processes
                                                                                                              1. Chemical Redistribution
                                                                                                              2. Eutrophication
                                                                                                                1. Nutrient Loading
                                                                                                                  1. Primary Production
                                                                                                                    1. Oxygen Depletion
                                                                                                                      1. Management Strategies
                                                                                                                      2. Sediment-Water Interactions
                                                                                                                        1. Nutrient Release
                                                                                                                          1. Redox Processes
                                                                                                                            1. Diagenesis
                                                                                                                            2. Saline Lakes
                                                                                                                              1. Evaporation Effects
                                                                                                                                1. Mineral Precipitation
                                                                                                                                  1. Brine Evolution
                                                                                                                                2. Estuarine Geochemistry
                                                                                                                                  1. Mixing of Freshwater and Seawater
                                                                                                                                    1. Conservative Mixing
                                                                                                                                      1. Non-conservative Behavior
                                                                                                                                        1. Salinity Gradients
                                                                                                                                        2. Flocculation
                                                                                                                                          1. Particle Aggregation
                                                                                                                                            1. Removal Processes
                                                                                                                                            2. Particle Scavenging
                                                                                                                                              1. Trace Element Removal
                                                                                                                                                1. Organic Matter Interactions
                                                                                                                                                2. Redox Processes
                                                                                                                                                  1. Oxygen Gradients
                                                                                                                                                    1. Sulfate Reduction
                                                                                                                                                    2. Tidal Effects
                                                                                                                                                      1. Chemical Oscillations
                                                                                                                                                        1. Residence Times
                                                                                                                                                      2. Marine Geochemistry
                                                                                                                                                        1. Major Element Composition of Seawater
                                                                                                                                                          1. Conservative Elements
                                                                                                                                                            1. Non-conservative Elements
                                                                                                                                                              1. Residence Times
                                                                                                                                                              2. The Oceanic Carbon Cycle
                                                                                                                                                                1. Carbonate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Biological Pump
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Solubility Pump
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Carbonate Compensation Depth
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Nutrient Cycles
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Nitrogen Cycle
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Phosphorus Cycle
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Silicon Cycle
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Hydrothermal Vents
                                                                                                                                                                              1. High-Temperature Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Metal Sulfide Precipitation
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Impact on Ocean Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Deep Ocean Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Thermohaline Circulation
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Water Mass Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Vertical Profiles

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                                                                                                                                                                                    7. Sorption Processes at Solid-Water Interfaces

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                                                                                                                                                                                    9. Isotope Geochemistry in Aqueous Systems