Aqueous Geochemistry

  1. Mineral-Water Interactions
    1. Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation
      1. Congruent Dissolution
        1. Definition and Examples
          1. Stoichiometric Release
          2. Incongruent Dissolution
            1. Definition and Examples
              1. Secondary Mineral Formation
              2. Precipitation Mechanisms
                1. Nucleation Processes
                  1. Crystal Growth
                  2. Solubility and the Solubility Product
                    1. Definition of Ksp
                      1. Calculation of Ksp
                        1. Factors Affecting Solubility
                          1. Common Ion Effect
                        2. Saturation State
                          1. Ion Activity Product
                            1. Calculation Methods
                              1. Relationship to Ksp
                              2. The Saturation Index
                                1. Definition and Calculation
                                  1. Interpretation of SI Values
                                  2. Undersaturation, Equilibrium, and Supersaturation
                                    1. Definitions and Implications
                                      1. Metastable States
                                        1. Precipitation Inhibition
                                      2. Kinetics of Mineral Reactions
                                        1. Nucleation and Crystal Growth
                                          1. Homogeneous Nucleation
                                            1. Heterogeneous Nucleation
                                              1. Growth Mechanisms
                                                1. Ostwald Ripening
                                                2. Surface-Controlled vs. Transport-Controlled Reactions
                                                  1. Rate-Limiting Steps
                                                    1. Transition between Regimes
                                                    2. Factors Affecting Dissolution Rates
                                                      1. pH Effects
                                                        1. Temperature Effects
                                                          1. Solution Composition Effects
                                                            1. Surface Area Effects
                                                              1. Presence of Inhibitors or Catalysts
                                                                1. Flow Rate Effects
                                                                2. Rate Laws for Mineral Dissolution
                                                                  1. Linear Rate Laws
                                                                    1. Nonlinear Rate Laws
                                                                      1. Parallel Reaction Pathways
                                                                    2. Weathering Processes
                                                                      1. Chemical Weathering
                                                                        1. Hydrolysis Reactions
                                                                          1. Oxidation Reactions
                                                                            1. Carbonation Reactions
                                                                              1. Hydration Reactions
                                                                              2. Physical Weathering and its Influence
                                                                                1. Mechanical Breakdown
                                                                                  1. Influence on Surface Area
                                                                                    1. Fracturing and Stress Corrosion
                                                                                    2. Weathering Profiles and Soil Formation
                                                                                      1. Soil Horizons
                                                                                        1. Geochemical Zonation in Soils
                                                                                          1. Clay Mineral Formation
                                                                                          2. Weathering Rates in Natural Systems
                                                                                            1. Field vs. Laboratory Rates
                                                                                              1. Scaling Issues
                                                                                            2. Specific Mineral Systems
                                                                                              1. Carbonate Minerals
                                                                                                1. Calcite and Aragonite
                                                                                                  1. Dolomite
                                                                                                    1. Dissolution Mechanisms
                                                                                                    2. Silicate Minerals
                                                                                                      1. Feldspar Weathering
                                                                                                        1. Mica Weathering
                                                                                                          1. Clay Mineral Stability
                                                                                                          2. Sulfide Minerals
                                                                                                            1. Pyrite Oxidation
                                                                                                              1. Acid Mine Drainage
                                                                                                              2. Oxide and Hydroxide Minerals
                                                                                                                1. Iron Oxides
                                                                                                                  1. Aluminum Hydroxides
                                                                                                                    1. Manganese Oxides

                                                                                                                Previous

                                                                                                                3. Acid-Base Equilibria

                                                                                                                Go to top

                                                                                                                Next

                                                                                                                5. Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions