Aqueous Geochemistry

  1. Complexation and Speciation
    1. Aqueous Complexes
      1. Inner-Sphere Complexes
        1. Direct Metal-Ligand Bonds
          1. Coordination Chemistry
          2. Outer-Sphere Complexes
            1. Ion Pairs
              1. Electrostatic Interactions
              2. Ligands
                1. Monodentate Ligands
                  1. Multidentate Ligands
                    1. Inorganic Ligands
                      1. Organic Ligands
                    2. Stability of Complexes
                      1. Formation Constants
                        1. Stepwise Formation Constants
                          1. Overall Formation Constants
                          2. Stability Constants
                            1. Relationship to Formation Constants
                              1. Thermodynamic vs. Conditional Constants
                              2. Chelation
                                1. Chelate Effect
                                  1. Chelating Agents
                                    1. Environmental Significance
                                  2. Major Ion Complexes
                                    1. Calcium Complexes
                                      1. Sulfate Complexes
                                        1. Carbonate Complexes
                                        2. Magnesium Complexes
                                          1. Sulfate Complexes
                                            1. Carbonate Complexes
                                            2. Sodium and Potassium Complexes
                                              1. Weak Complex Formation
                                              2. Chloride and Sulfate Complexes
                                                1. Metal-Chloride Complexes
                                                  1. Metal-Sulfate Complexes
                                                2. Trace Metal Complexation
                                                  1. Inorganic Ligands
                                                    1. Hydroxide Complexes
                                                      1. Chloride Complexes
                                                        1. Sulfate Complexes
                                                          1. Carbonate Complexes
                                                          2. Organic Ligands
                                                            1. Humic Acids
                                                              1. Fulvic Acids
                                                                1. Amino Acids
                                                                  1. Organic Acids
                                                                2. Calculating Chemical Speciation
                                                                  1. Mass Balance Equations
                                                                    1. Total Dissolved Concentrations
                                                                      1. Conservation of Mass
                                                                      2. Charge Balance Equations
                                                                        1. Electroneutrality
                                                                        2. Equilibrium Calculations
                                                                          1. Simultaneous Equilibria
                                                                            1. Iterative Solutions
                                                                            2. Use of Speciation Software
                                                                              1. Input Requirements
                                                                                1. Output Interpretation
                                                                                  1. Limitations and Assumptions

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                                                                              5. Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

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                                                                              7. Sorption Processes at Solid-Water Interfaces