In survey methodology, the design effect (generally denoted as or ) is a measure of the expected impact of a sampling design on the variance of an estimator for some parameter. It is calculated as the ratio of the variance of an estimator based on a sample from an (often) complex sampling design, to the variance of an alternative estimator based on a simple random sample (SRS) of the same number of elements. The Deff (be it estimated, or known a-priori) can be used to adjust the variance of an estimator in cases where the sample is not drawn using simple random sampling. It may also be useful in sample size calculations and for quantifying the representativeness of a sample. The term "design effect" was coined by Leslie Kish in 1965. The design effect is a positive real number that indicates an inflation, or deflation in the variance of an estimator for some parameter, that is due to the study not using SRS (with , when the variances are identical). Some potential complex sampling that could introduce Deff that is different than 1 include: cluster sampling (such as when there is correlation between observations), stratified sampling, cluster randomized controlled trial, disproportional (unequal probability) sample, non-coverage, non-response, statistical adjustments of the data, etc.. Deff can be used in sample size calculations, quantifying the representative of a sample (to a target population), as well as for adjusting (often inflating) the variance of some estimator (in cases when we can calculate that estimator's variance assuming SRS). The term "Design effect" was coined by Leslie Kish in 1965. Ever since, many calculations (and estimators) have been proposed, in the literature, for describing the effect of known sampling design on the increase/decrease in the variance of estimators of interest. In general, the design effect varies between statistics of interests, such as the total or ratio mean; it also matters if the design (e.g.: selection probabilities) are correlated with the outcome of interest. And lastly, it is influenced by the distribution of the outcome itself. All of these should be considered when estimating and using design effect in practice. (Wikipedia).
What is Beauty in Design?: Understanding Design
Designers strive to fill up the world with beautiful environments, packaging, products and landscapes. These can be defined as aesthetic experiences wherein designers use the study of beauty to create pleasurable experiences for humans to interact with items and spaces. Join Prasad Borad
From playlist Understanding Design
Design thinking can improve anything from a water bottle to a community water system. See how design thinking improves the creative process, from Professor Stefanos Zenios: http://stanford.io/1mgkHGR
From playlist More
If you are interested in learning more about this topic, please visit http://www.gcflearnfree.org/ to view the entire tutorial on our website. It includes instructional text, informational graphics, examples, and even interactives for you to practice and apply what you've learned.
From playlist Design Thinking
Fixed Effects and Random Effects
Brief overview in plain English of the differences between the types of effects. Problems with each model and how to overcome them.
From playlist Experimental Design
In this video, you’ll learn how to broaden your definition of design through critical thinking, in order to see it in the world around you! Visit https://www.gcflearnfree.org/ to learn even more. We hope you enjoy!
From playlist Graphic Design
The Explainer: What Is Design Thinking?
Popularized by David M. Kelley and Tim Brown of IDEO and Roger Martin of the Rotman School, design thinking has three major stages. As the complexity of the design process increases, a new hurdle arises: the acceptance of what we might call “the designed artifact” — whether product, us
From playlist The Explainer
What is Design Thinking (2015)
Design Thinking. Brought to you by Daylight Design. Suppose you are part of a thriving business and need to branch out and find that next big thing. Or say you want to change a behavior, like getting people...a lot of people...to use less energy in their homes. How would you go about it?
From playlist Design Thinking
What Is Design?: Understanding Design
Design is the process of creating objects, systems, buildings and more. In this video, you’ll learn to answer the question, what is design, with broad definitions from a famous economist, philosopher and Swiss architect. Prasad Boradkar, a professor emeritus of industrial design at Arizon
From playlist Understanding Design
What Is Industrial Design?: Understanding Design
Industrial design, which is also known as product design, is the creation of consumer goods, from the smallest spoon to the largest machine. Industrial designers seek to optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems. Join Prasad Boradkar, a professor emeritus of ind
From playlist Understanding Design
Lec 14 | MIT 2.830J Control of Manufacturing Processes, S08
Lecture 14: Aliasing and higher order models Instructor: Duane Boning, David Hardt View the complete course at: http://ocw.mit.edu/2-830JS08 License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
From playlist MIT 2.830J, Control of Manufacturing Processes S08
Lec 18 | MIT 2.830J Control of Manufacturing Processes, S08
Lecture 18: Sequential experimentation: Experimentation and Robust Design and Engineering Systems. (Courtesy of Dan Frey. Used with permission.) Instructor: Duane Boning, David Hardt View the complete course at: http://ocw.mit.edu/2-830JS08 License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Mor
From playlist MIT 2.830J, Control of Manufacturing Processes S08
Stanford Seminar - Driving Exploratory Visualization through Perception & Cognition
Danielle Szafir University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill November 5, 2021 Visualizations allow analysts to rapidly explore and make sense of their data. The ways we visualize data directly influence the conclusions we draw and decisions we make; however, our knowledge of how visualizati
From playlist Stanford Seminars
Get a 30-day trial, 1 Audiobook, and 2 Audible Original for free at http://Audible.com/realengineering Or, text, "realengineering" to 500 500 New streaming platform: https://watchnebula.com/ Vlog channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMet4qY3027v8KjpaDtDx-g Patreon: https://www
From playlist Military
Lec 12 | MIT 2.830J Control of Manufacturing Processes, S08
Lecture 12: Full factorial models Instructor: Duane Boning, David Hardt View the complete course at: http://ocw.mit.edu/2-830JS08 License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
From playlist MIT 2.830J, Control of Manufacturing Processes S08
January 21, 2009 lecture by Ilan Kroo for the Woods Energy Seminar (ENERGY301). In his talk "Future Air Transportation and the Environment," Kroo discusses the impact of aviation on the environment and the idea of "sustainable" aviation. The Woods Energy Seminar is an interdisciplinary
From playlist Lecture Collection | Energy Seminar
Qualitative control system design
A conversation about the issues to take into account when designing control systems without models
From playlist CPB Theme 8 Control Practice
Science of Flight | Breaking the Sound Barrier and Beyond | The Great Courses
If you want to see what it looks like inside a plane breaking the sound barrier, just look down the street on a hot day. This is because the same principles that cause mirages on summer streets dictates the shockwaves at Mach 1. Call the drink cart; it's going to be a smooth ride. This vi
From playlist Science
Tested in 2022: Favorite Coffee Table Books!
Star Trek: First Contact: https://amzn.to/3Bq6Veq Star Trek: The Artistry of Dan Curry: https://amzn.to/3PiVX0b The Art of Ron Cobb: https://amzn.to/3PjKfSE The Art of DuckTales: https://amzn.to/3UPLsT3 Tom Sachs: Spaceships: https://amzn.to/3PiNidR Masters of Make-Up Effects: https://amzn
From playlist Favorite Things of 2022
Free Online Design Courses: Understanding Design
Design is all around us. Design solves problems by converting ideas into reality. Design influences culture and changes society. When done well, design can inspire us with its beauty. Design makes the world a better place for all creatures on the planet. Join Prasad Boradkar, a professor
From playlist Understanding Design
Stanford Seminar - Designing for Human - AI Complementarity
For more information about Stanford’s Artificial Intelligence courses and programs, visit: https://stanford.io/3pBE7sI Ken Holstein is an Assistant Professor in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. This talk was given on March 5, 2021. AI systems are in
From playlist Stanford Seminars