X-bar chart
In industrial statistics, the X-bar chart is a type of Shewhart control chart that is used to monitor the arithmetic means of successive samples of constant size, n. This type of control chart is used
Scatterplot smoothing
In statistics, several scatterplot smoothing methods are available to fit a function through the points of a scatterplot to best represent the relationship between the variables. Scatterplots may be s
Self-similarity matrix
In data analysis, the self-similarity matrix is a graphical representation of similar sequences in a data series. Similarity can be explained by different measures, like spatial distance (distance mat
Temporal raster plot
A temporal raster plot is a graphic representation of occurrences in a certain temporal relation. Temporal raster plots are also sometimes referred to as carpet plots. Each occurrence is registered in
Scree plot
In multivariate statistics, a scree plot is a line plot of the eigenvalues of factors or principal components in an analysis. The scree plot is used to determine the number of factors to retain in an
Data and information visualization
Data and information visualization (data viz or info viz) is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the graphic representation of data and information. It is a particularly efficient way of commun
C-chart
In statistical quality control, the c-chart is a type of control chart used to monitor "count"-type data, typically total number of nonconformities per unit. It is also occasionally used to monitor th
Forest plot
A forest plot, also known as a blobbogram, is a graphical display of estimated results from a number of scientific studies addressing the same question, along with the overall results. It was develope
Lexis diagram
In demography a Lexis diagram (named after economist and social scientist Wilhelm Lexis) is a two dimensional diagram used to represent events (such as births or deaths) that occur to individuals belo
DataScene
DataScene is a scientific graphing, animation, data analysis, and real-time data monitoring software package. It was developed with the Common Language Infrastructure technology and the GDI+ graphics
Control limits
Control limits, also known as natural process limits, are horizontal lines drawn on a statistical process control chart, usually at a distance of ±3 standard deviations of the plotted statistic's mean
Barber–Johnson diagram
A Barber–Johnson diagram is a method of presenting hospital statistics combining four different variables in a unique graph, introduced in 1973. The method constructs a scattergram where length of sta
Histogram
A histogram is an approximate representation of the distribution of numerical data. The term was first introduced by Karl Pearson. To construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" (or "bucket") th
X̅ and s chart
In statistical quality control, the and s chart is a type of control chart used to monitor variables data when samples are collected at regular intervals from a business or industrial process. This is
Dual-flashlight plot
In statistics, a dual-flashlight plot is a type of scatter-plot in which the standardized mean of a contrast variable (SMCV) is plotted against the mean of a contrast variable representing a compariso
Andrews plot
In data visualization, an Andrews plot or Andrews curve is a way to visualize structure in high-dimensional data. It is basically a rolled-down, non-integer version of the Kent–Kiviat radar m chart, o
Epidemic curve
An epidemic curve, also known as an epi curve or epidemiological curve, is a statistical chart used in epidemiology to visualise the onset of a disease outbreak. It can help with the identification of
CUSUM
In statistical quality control, the CUsUM (or cumulative sum control chart) is a sequential analysis technique developed by E. S. Page of the University of Cambridge. It is typically used for monitori
Carpet plot
A carpet plot is any of a few different specific types of plot. The more common plot referred to as a carpet plot is one that illustrates the interaction between two or more independent variables and
Anscombe's quartet
Anscombe's quartet comprises four data sets that have nearly identical simple descriptive statistics, yet have very different distributions and appear very different when graphed. Each dataset consist
Poincaré plot
A Poincaré plot, named after Henri Poincaré, is a type of recurrence plot used to quantify self-similarity in processes, usually periodic functions. It is also known as a return map. Poincaré plots ca
Manhattan plot
A Manhattan plot is a type of plot, usually used to display data with a large number of data-points, many of non-zero amplitude, and with a distribution of higher-magnitude values. The plot is commonl
Identity line
In a 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, with x representing the abscissa and y the ordinate, the identity line or line of equality is the y = x line. The line, sometimes called the 1:1 line, h
Statistical graphics
Statistical graphics, also known as statistical graphical techniques, are graphics used in the field of statistics for data visualization.
Lorenz curve
In economics, the Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the distribution of income or of wealth. It was developed by Max O. Lorenz in 1905 for representing inequality of the wealth distributio
Seasonal subseries plot
Seasonal subseries plots are a graphical tool to visualize and detect seasonality in a time series. Seasonal subseries plots involves the extraction of the seasons from a time series into a subseries.
Funnel plot
A funnel plot is a graph designed to check for the existence of publication bias; funnel plots are commonly used in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In the absence of publication bias, it assumes
Rank abundance curve
A rank abundance curve or Whittaker plot is a chart used by ecologists to display relative species abundance, a component of biodiversity. It can also be used to visualize species richness and species
Rankit
In statistics, rankits of a set of data are the expected values of the order statistics of a sample from the standard normal distribution the same size as the data. They are primarily used in the norm
Population pyramid
A population pyramid (age structure diagram) or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and
Cumulative flow diagram
A cumulative flow diagram is a tool used in queuing theory. It is an area graph that depicts the quantity of work in a given state, showing arrivals, time in queue, quantity in queue, and departure. C
Targeted projection pursuit
Targeted projection pursuit is a type of statistical technique used for exploratory data analysis, information visualization, and feature selection. It allows the user to interactively explore very co
Freedman–Diaconis rule
In statistics, the Freedman–Diaconis rule can be used to select the width of the bins to be used in a histogram. It is named after David A. Freedman and Persi Diaconis. For a set of empirical measurem
Price-Jones curve
A Price-Jones curve is a graph showing the distribution of diameters of red blood cells. Higher diameter may be seen in pernicious anaemia, while lower diameter may be seen after haemorrhage.
Mosaic plot
A mosaic plot, Marimekko chart, or sometimes percent stacked bar plot is a graphical visualization of data from two or more qualitative variables. It is the multidimensional extension of spineplots, w
Box plot
In descriptive statistics, a box plot or boxplot is a method for graphically demonstrating the locality, spread and skewness groups of numerical data through their quartiles. In addition to the box on
Bow-tie diagram
A bow-tie diagram, when used in the field of pure (as distinct from speculative) risk, is a partial and simplified model of the process leading to adverse Consequences. A process model of this nature
Spatial distribution
A spatial distribution in statistics is the arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth's surface and a graphical display of such an arrangement is an important tool in geographical and environmental
P–P plot
In statistics, a P–P plot (probability–probability plot or percent–percent plot or P value plot) is a probability plot for assessing how closely two data sets agree, or for assessing how closely a dat
P-chart
In statistical quality control, the p-chart is a type of control chart used to monitor the proportion of nonconforming units in a sample, where the sample proportion nonconforming is defined as the ra
Functional boxplot
In statistical graphics, the functional boxplot is an informative exploratory tool that has been proposed for visualizing functional data. Analogous to the classical boxplot, the descriptive statistic
List of graphical methods
This is a list of graphical methods with a mathematical basis.Included are diagram techniques, chart techniques, plot techniques, and other forms of visualization. There is also a list of computer gra
Circular distribution
In probability and statistics, a circular distribution or polar distribution is a probability distribution of a random variable whose values are angles, usually taken to be in the range [0, 2π). A cir
Streamgraph
A streamgraph, or stream graph, is a type of stacked area graph which is displaced around a central axis, resulting in a flowing, organic shape. Unlike a traditional stacked area graph in which the la
Regression control chart
In statistical quality control, the regression control chart allows for monitoring a change in a process where two or more variables are correlated. The change in a dependent variable can be detected
Pie chart
A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice (and consequently its c
Fan chart (statistics)
A fan chart is made of a group of dispersion fan diagrams,which may be positioned according to two categorising dimensions.A dispersion fan diagram is a circular diagram whichreports the same informat
X̅ and R chart
In statistical process control (SPC), the and R chart is a type of scheme, popularly known as control chart, used to monitor the mean and range of a normally distributed variables simultaneously, when
Fan chart (time series)
In time series analysis, a fan chart is a chart that joins a simple line chart for observed past data, by showing ranges for possible values of future data together with a line showing a central estim
Log–log plot
In science and engineering, a log–log graph or log–log plot is a two-dimensional graph of numerical data that uses logarithmic scales on both the horizontal and vertical axes. Power functions – relati
Chernoff face
Chernoff faces, invented by applied mathematician, statistician and physicist Herman Chernoff in 1973, display multivariate data in the shape of a human face. The individual parts, such as eyes, ears,
Area chart
An area chart or area graph displays graphically quantitative data. It is based on the line chart. The area between axis and line are commonly emphasized with colors, textures and hatchings. Commonly
Np-chart
In statistical quality control, the np-chart is a type of control chart used to monitor the number of nonconforming units in a sample. It is an adaptation of the p-chart and used in situations where p
U-chart
In statistical quality control, the u-chart is a type of control chart used to monitor "count"-type data where the sample size is greater than one, typically the average number of nonconformities per
Dot plot (bioinformatics)
In bioinformatics a dot plot is a graphical method for comparing two biological sequences and identifying regions of close similarity after sequence alignment. It is a type of recurrence plot.
Treemapping
In information visualization and computing, treemapping is a method for displaying hierarchical data using nested figures, usually rectangles. Treemaps display hierarchical (tree-structured) data as a
William Playfair
William Playfair (22 September 1759 – 11 February 1823), a Scottish engineer and political economist, served as a secret agent on behalf of Great Britain during its war with France. The founder of gra
Parity plot
A parity plot is a scatterplot that compares a set of results from a computational model against benchmark data. Each point has coordinates (x, y), where x is a benchmark value and y is the correspond
Bagplot
A bagplot, or starburst plot, is a method in robust statistics for visualizing two- or three-dimensional statistical data, analogous to the one-dimensional box plot. Introduced in 1999 by Rousseuw et
Scagnostics
Scagnostics (scatterplot diagnostics) refers to a series of measures that characterize certain properties of a point cloud in a scatter plot. The term and idea was coined by John Tukey and , though th
UpSet Plot
UpSet plots are a data visualization method for showing set data with more than three intersecting sets. UpSet shows intersections in a matrix, with the rows of the matrix corresponding to the sets, a
Partial regression plot
In applied statistics, a partial regression plot attempts to show the effect of adding another variable to a model that already has one or more independent variables. Partial regression plots are also
Moving average
In statistics, a moving average (rolling average or running average) is a calculation to analyze data points by creating a series of averages of different subsets of the full data set. It is also call
Partial residual plot
In applied statistics, a partial residual plot is a graphical technique that attempts to show the relationship between a given independent variable and the response variable given that other independe
Line chart
A line chart or line graph or curve chart is a type of chart which displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments. It is a basic type of chart com
Pareto analysis
Pareto analysis is a formal technique useful where many possible courses of action are competing for attention. In essence, the problem-solver estimates the benefit delivered by each action, then sele
Chord diagram (information visualization)
A chord diagram is a graphical method of displaying the inter-relationships between data in a matrix. The data are arranged radially around a circle with the relationships between the data points typi
Parallel coordinates
Parallel coordinates are a common way of visualizing and analyzing high-dimensional datasets. To show a set of points in an n-dimensional space, a backdrop is drawn consisting of n parallel lines, typ
Double mass analysis
Double mass analysis is a simple graphical method to evaluate the consistency of hydrological data. The DM approach plots the cumulative data of one variable against the cumulative data of a second va
Multi-vari chart
In quality control, multi-vari charts are a visual way of presenting variability through a series of charts. The content and format of the charts has evolved over time.
Spaghetti plot
A spaghetti plot (also known as a spaghetti chart, spaghetti diagram, or spaghetti model) is a method of viewing data to visualize possible flows through systems. Flows depicted in this manner appear
Ergograph
An ergograph is a graph that shows a relation between human activities and a seasonal year. The name was coined by Dr. of the University of Edinburgh. It can either be a polar coordinate (circular) or
Distribution-free control chart
Distribution-free (nonparametric) control charts are one of the most important tools of statistical process monitoring and control. Implementation techniques of distribution-free control charts do not
Q–Q plot
In statistics, a Q–Q plot (quantile-quantile plot) is a probability plot, a graphical method for comparing two probability distributions by plotting their quantiles against each other. A point (x, y)
Pareto chart
A Pareto chart is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line. Th
Cartogram
A cartogram (also called a value-area map or an anamorphic map, the latter common among German-speakers) is a thematic map of a set of features (countries, provinces, etc.), in which their geographic
Pictogram
A pictogram, also called a pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto, and in computer usage an icon, is a graphic symbol that conveys its meaning through its pictorial resemblance to a physical object.
Bland–Altman plot
A Bland–Altman plot (difference plot) in analytical chemistry or biomedicine is a method of data plotting used in analyzing the agreement between two different assays. It is identical to a Tukey mean-
Volcano plot (statistics)
In statistics, a volcano plot is a type of scatter-plot that is used to quickly identify changes in large data sets composed of replicate data. It plots significance versus fold-change on the y and x
Choropleth map
A choropleth map (from Greek χῶρος (choros) 'area/region', and πλῆθος (plethos) 'multitude') is a type of statistical thematic map that uses pseudocolor, i.e., color corresponding with an aggregate su
Smoothing
In statistics and image processing, to smooth a data set is to create an approximating function that attempts to capture important patterns in the data, while leaving out noise or other fine-scale str
Rug plot
A rug plot is a plot of data for a single quantitative variable, displayed as marks along an axis. It is used to visualise the distribution of the data. As such it is analogous to a histogram with zer
Biplot
Biplots are a type of exploratory graph used in statistics, a generalization of the simple two-variable scatterplot.A biplot overlays a score plot with a loading plot.A biplot allows information on bo
Venn diagram
A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and
Graph literacy
Graph literacy is the ability to understand information that presented graphically, which are including general knowledge about how to extract information and make inferences from different graphical
Bar chart
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertic
Error bar
Error bars are graphical representations of the variability of data and used on graphs to indicate the error or uncertainty in a reported measurement. They give a general idea of how precise a measure
Composite bar chart
Composite bar charts are charts where each bar displays multiple data points stacked in a single row or column. This may, for instance, take the form of uniform height bars charting a time series with
Outlier
In statistics, an outlier is a data point that differs significantly from other observations. An outlier may be due to variability in the measurement or it may indicate experimental error; the latter
Violin plot
A violin plot is a method of plotting numeric data. It is similar to a box plot, with the addition of a rotated kernel density plot on each side. Violin plots are similar to box plots, except that the
Timeline
A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timeline
Scatter plot
A scatter plot (also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram) is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for ty
Contour boxplot
In statistical graphics and scientific visualization, the contour boxplot is an exploratory tool that has been proposed for visualizing ensembles of feature-sets determined by a threshold on some scal
V-optimal histograms
Histograms are most commonly used as visual representations of data. However, Database systems use histograms to summarize data internally and provide size estimates for queries. These histograms are
EWMA chart
In statistical quality control, the EWMA chart (or exponentially weighted moving average chart) is a type of control chart used to monitor either variables or attributes-type data using the monitored
Radar chart
A radar chart is a graphical method of displaying multivariate data in the form of a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables represented on axes starting from the same point. The
Election apportionment diagram
An election apportionment diagram is the graphic representation of election results and the seats in a plenary or legislative body. The chart can also be used to represent data in easy to understand t
Stem-and-leaf display
A stem-and-leaf display or stem-and-leaf plot is a device for presenting quantitative data in a graphical format, similar to a histogram, to assist in visualizing the shape of a distribution. They evo
Correlogram
In the analysis of data, a correlogram is a chart of correlation statistics. For example, in time series analysis, a plot of the sample autocorrelations versus (the time lags) is an autocorrelogram. I
Shewhart individuals control chart
In statistical quality control, the individual/moving-range chart is a type of control chart used to monitor variables data from a business or industrial process for which it is impractical to use rat
Run chart
A run chart, also known as a run-sequence plot is a graph that displays observed data in a time sequence. Often, the data displayed represent some aspect of the output or performance of a manufacturin
Defect concentration diagram
The defect concentration diagram (also problem concentration diagram) is a graphical tool that is useful in analyzing the causes of the product or part defects. It is a drawing of the product (or othe
Control chart
Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts (after Walter A. Shewhart) or process-behavior charts, are a statistical process control tool used to determine if a manufacturing or business process is
Galbraith plot
In statistics, a Galbraith plot (also known as Galbraith's radial plot or just radial plot) is one way of displaying several estimates of the same quantity that have different standard errors. It can
Normal probability plot
The normal probability plot is a graphical technique to identify substantive departures from normality. This includes identifying outliers, skewness, kurtosis, a need for transformations, and mixtures
Nelson rules
Nelson rules are a method in process control of determining whether some measured variable is out of control (unpredictable versus consistent). Rules for detecting "out-of-control" or non-random condi
Dot plot (statistics)
A dot chart or dot plot is a statistical chart consisting of data points plotted on a fairly simple scale, typically using filled in circles. There are two common, yet very different, versions of the
Dendrogram
A dendrogram is a diagram representing a tree. This diagrammatic representation is frequently used in different contexts:
* in hierarchical clustering, it illustrates the arrangement of the clusters
Probability plot correlation coefficient plot
The probability plot correlation coefficient (PPCC) plot is a graphical technique for identifying the shape parameter for a distributional family that best describes the data set. This technique is ap
Semi-log plot
In science and engineering, a semi-log plot/graph or semi-logarithmic plot/graph has one axis on a logarithmic scale, the other on a linear scale. It is useful for data with exponential relationships,
Western Electric rules
The Western Electric rules are decision rules in statistical process control for detecting out-of-control or non-random conditions on control charts. Locations of the observations relative to the cont
Sequence logo
In bioinformatics, a sequence logo is a graphical representation of the sequence conservation of nucleotides (in a strand of DNA/RNA) or amino acids (in protein sequences).A sequence logo is created f