Laser diode rate equations
The laser diode rate equations model the electrical and optical performance of a laser diode. This system of ordinary differential equations relates the number or density of photons and charge carrier
Lotka–Volterra equations
The Lotka–Volterra equations, also known as the predator–prey equations, are a pair of first-order nonlinear differential equations, frequently used to describe the dynamics of biological systems in w
Alekseev–Gröbner formula
The Alekseev–Gröbner formula, or nonlinear variation-of-constants formula, is a generalization of the linear variation of constants formula which was proven independently by Wolfgang Gröbner in 1960 a
Malmquist's theorem
In mathematics, Malmquist's theorem, is the name of any of the three theorems proved by Axel Johannes Malmquist . These theorems restrict the forms of first order algebraic differential equations whic
Normal mode
A normal mode of a dynamical system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation. The free motion described by the
Self-oscillation
Self-oscillation is the generation and maintenance of a periodic motion by a source of power that lacks any corresponding periodicity. The oscillator itself controls the phase with which the external
Chandrasekhar's white dwarf equation
In astrophysics, Chandrasekhar's white dwarf equation is an initial value ordinary differential equation introduced by the Indian American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, in his study of th
Phase plane
In applied mathematics, in particular the context of nonlinear system analysis, a phase plane is a visual display of certain characteristics of certain kinds of differential equations; a coordinate pl
Lane–Emden equation
In astrophysics, the Lane–Emden equation is a dimensionless form of Poisson's equation for the gravitational potential of a Newtonian self-gravitating, spherically symmetric, polytropic fluid. It is n
Picone identity
In the field of ordinary differential equations, the Picone identity, named after Mauro Picone, is a classical result about homogeneous linear second order differential equations. Since its inception
Riemann's differential equation
In mathematics, Riemann's differential equation, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a generalization of the hypergeometric differential equation, allowing the regular singular points to occur anywhere o
Caratheodory-π solution
A Carathéodory-π solution is a generalized solution to an ordinary differential equation. The concept is due to I. Michael Ross and named in honor of Constantin Carathéodory. Its practicality was demo
Chandrasekhar–Page equations
Chandrasekhar–Page equations describe the wave function of the spin-½ massive particles, that resulted by seeking a separable solution to the Dirac equation in Kerr metric or Kerr–Newman metric. In 19
Painlevé transcendents
In mathematics, Painlevé transcendents are solutions to certain nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations in the complex plane with the Painlevé property (the only movable singularities a
Picard–Fuchs equation
In mathematics, the Picard–Fuchs equation, named after Émile Picard and Lazarus Fuchs, is a linear ordinary differential equation whose solutions describe the periods of elliptic curves.
Goldbeter–Koshland kinetics
The Goldbeter–Koshland kinetics describe a steady-state solution for a 2-state biological system. In this system, the interconversion between these two states is performed by two enzymes with opposing
Zubov's method
Zubov's method is a technique for computing the basin of attraction for a set of ordinary differential equations (a dynamical system). The domain of attraction is the set , where is the solution to a
Separation of variables
In mathematics, separation of variables (also known as the Fourier method) is any of several methods for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, in which algebra allows one to rewrite an
Holonomic function
In mathematics, and more specifically in analysis, a holonomic function is a smooth function of several variables that is a solution of a system of linear homogeneous differential equations with polyn
Brusselator
The Brusselator is a theoretical model for a type of autocatalytic reaction.The Brusselator model was proposed by Ilya Prigogine and his collaborators at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. It is a por
Frobenius method
In mathematics, the method of Frobenius, named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, is a way to find an infinite series solution for a second-order ordinary differential equation of the form with and . in
Carathéodory's existence theorem
In mathematics, Carathéodory's existence theorem says that an ordinary differential equation has a solution under relatively mild conditions. It is a generalization of Peano's existence theorem. Peano
Oregonator
The Oregonator is a theoretical model for a type of autocatalytic reaction. The Oregonator is the simplest realistic model of the chemical dynamics of the oscillatory Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction.It
Grothendieck–Katz p-curvature conjecture
In mathematics, the Grothendieck–Katz p-curvature conjecture is a local-global principle for linear ordinary differential equations, related to differential Galois theory and in a loose sense analogou
Generalized hypergeometric function
In mathematics, a generalized hypergeometric series is a power series in which the ratio of successive coefficients indexed by n is a rational function of n. The series, if convergent, defines a gener
Homogeneous differential equation
A differential equation can be homogeneous in either of two respects. A first order differential equation is said to be homogeneous if it may be written where f and g are homogeneous functions of the
Sturm–Liouville theory
In mathematics and its applications, classical Sturm–Liouville theory is the theory of real second-order linear ordinary differential equations of the form: for given coefficient functions p(x), q(x),
Ordinary differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation whose unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function(s) of one variable and involves the derivatives of those function
Regge–Wheeler–Zerilli equations
In general relativity, Regge–Wheeler–Zerilli equations are a pair of equations that describes gravitational perturbations of a Schwarzschild black hole, named after Tullio Regge, John Archibald Wheele
Kneser's theorem (differential equations)
In mathematics, in the field of ordinary differential equations, the Kneser theorem, named after Adolf Kneser, provides criteria to decide whether a differential equation is oscillating or not.
Hill differential equation
In mathematics, the Hill equation or Hill differential equation is the second-order linear ordinary differential equation where is a periodic function by minimal period . By these we mean that for all
Manakov system
Maxwell's Equations, when converted to cylindrical coordinates, and with the boundary conditions for an optical fiber while including birefringence as an effect taken into account, will yield the coup
Integral curve
In mathematics, an integral curve is a parametric curve that represents a specific solution to an ordinary differential equation or system of equations.
Regular singular point
In mathematics, in the theory of ordinary differential equations in the complex plane , the points of are classified into ordinary points, at which the equation's coefficients are analytic functions,
Annihilator method
In mathematics, the annihilator method is a procedure used to find a particular solution to certain types of non-homogeneous ordinary differential equations (ODE's). It is similar to the method of und
Isomonodromic deformation
In mathematics, the equations governing the isomonodromic deformation of meromorphic linear systems of ordinary differential equations are, in a fairly precise sense, the most fundamental exact nonlin
Michaelis–Menten kinetics
In biochemistry, Michaelis–Menten kinetics is one of the best-known models of enzyme kinetics. It is named after German biochemist Leonor Michaelis and Canadian physician Maud Menten. The model takes
Characteristic multiplier
In mathematics, and particularly ordinary differential equations, a characteristic multiplier is an eigenvalue of a monodromy matrix. The logarithm of a characteristic multiplier is also known as char
Peano existence theorem
In mathematics, specifically in the study of ordinary differential equations, the Peano existence theorem, Peano theorem or Cauchy–Peano theorem, named after Giuseppe Peano and Augustin-Louis Cauchy,
Lagrange's identity (boundary value problem)
In the study of ordinary differential equations and their associated boundary value problems, Lagrange's identity, named after Joseph Louis Lagrange, gives the boundary terms arising from integration
Riemann–Hilbert problem
In mathematics, Riemann–Hilbert problems, named after Bernhard Riemann and David Hilbert, are a class of problems that arise in the study of differential equations in the complex plane. Several existe
Schwarzian derivative
In mathematics, the Schwarzian derivative is an operator similar to the derivative which is invariant under Möbius transformations. Thus, it occurs in the theory of the complex projective line, and in
Arditi–Ginzburg equations
The Arditi–Ginzburg equations describes ratio dependent predator–prey dynamics. Where N is the population of a prey species and P that of a predator, the population dynamics are described by the follo
Atkinson–Mingarelli theorem
In applied mathematics, the Atkinson–Mingarelli theorem, named after Frederick Valentine Atkinson and A. B. Mingarelli, concerns eigenvalues of certain Sturm–Liouville differential operators. In the s
Growth elasticity of poverty
Growth elasticity of poverty (GEP) is the percentage reduction in poverty rates associated with a percentage change in mean (per capita) income. Mathematically; where PR is a poverty measure and y is
Baer function
Baer functions and , named after Karl Baer, are solutions of the Baer differential equation which arises when separation of variables is applied to the Laplace equation in paraboloidal coordinates. Th
Growth curve (statistics)
The growth curve model in statistics is a specific multivariate linear model, also known as GMANOVA (Generalized Multivariate Analysis-Of-Variance). It generalizes MANOVA by allowing post-matrices, as
Hypergeometric function
In mathematics, the Gaussian or ordinary hypergeometric function 2F1(a,b;c;z) is a special function represented by the hypergeometric series, that includes many other special functions as specific or
Ordered exponential
The ordered exponential, also called the path-ordered exponential, is a mathematical operation defined in non-commutative algebras, equivalent to the exponential of the integral in the commutative alg
Parasitic oscillation
Parasitic oscillation is an undesirable electronic oscillation (cyclic variation in output voltage or current) in an electronic or digital device. It is often caused by feedback in an amplifying devic
Exponential integrator
Exponential integrators are a class of numerical methods for the solution of ordinary differential equations, specifically initial value problems. This large class of methods from numerical analysis i
Soil moisture velocity equation
The soil moisture velocity equation describes the speed that water moves vertically through unsaturated soil under the combined actions of gravity and capillarity, a process known as infiltration. The
Boundary value problem
In mathematics, in the field of differential equations, a boundary value problem is a differential equation together with a set of additional constraints, called the boundary conditions. A solution to
Dynamic simulation
Dynamic simulation (or dynamic system simulation) is the use of a computer program to model the time-varying behavior of a dynamical system. The systems are typically described by ordinary differentia
Mingarelli identity
In the field of ordinary differential equations, the Mingarelli identity is a theorem that provides criteria for the oscillation and non-oscillation of solutions of some linear differential equations
Magnus expansion
In mathematics and physics, the Magnus expansion, named after Wilhelm Magnus (1907–1990), provides an exponential representation of the solution of a first-order homogeneous linear differential equati
PECE
PECE is a technique of handling an implicit ordinary differential equation approximation formula by a prediction (P) step and a single correction (C) step. (The E's represent evaluations of the deriva
Phase line (mathematics)
In mathematics, a phase line is a diagram that shows the qualitative behaviour of an autonomous ordinary differential equation in a single variable, . The phase line is the 1-dimensional form of the g
Perturbation theory
In mathematics and applied mathematics, perturbation theory comprises methods for finding an approximate solution to a problem, by starting from the exact solution of a related, simpler problem. A cri
Finite water-content vadose zone flow method
The finite water-content vadose zone flux method represents a one-dimensional alternative to the numerical solution of Richards' equation for simulating the movement of water in unsaturated soils. The
Abel equation of the first kind
In mathematics, an Abel equation of the first kind, named after Niels Henrik Abel, is any ordinary differential equation that is cubic in the unknown function. In other words, it is an equation of the
Bernoulli differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation is called a Bernoulli differential equation if it is of the form where is a real number. Some authors allow any real , whereas others require that not
Characteristic equation (calculus)
In mathematics, the characteristic equation (or auxiliary equation) is an algebraic equation of degree n upon which depends the solution of a given nth-order differential equation or difference equati
Monodromy matrix
In mathematics, and particularly ordinary differential equations (ODEs), a monodromy matrix is the fundamental matrix of a system of ODEs evaluated at the period of the coefficients of the system. It
Variation of parameters
In mathematics, variation of parameters, also known as variation of constants, is a general method to solve inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations. For first-order inhomogeneous linear d
Wronskian
In mathematics, the Wronskian (or Wrońskian) is a determinant introduced by Józef Hoene-Wroński and named by Thomas Muir . It is used in the study of differential equations, where it can sometimes sho
Inexact differential equation
An inexact differential equation is a differential equation of the form (see also: inexact differential) The solution to such equations came with the invention of the integrating factor by Leonhard Eu
Method of undetermined coefficients
In mathematics, the method of undetermined coefficients is an approach to finding a particular solution to certain nonhomogeneous ordinary differential equations and recurrence relations. It is closel
Mathieu function
In mathematics, Mathieu functions, sometimes called angular Mathieu functions, are solutions of Mathieu's differential equation where and are parameters. They were first introduced by Émile Léonard Ma
Emden–Chandrasekhar equation
In astrophysics, the Emden–Chandrasekhar equation is a dimensionless form of the Poisson equation for the density distribution of a spherically symmetric isothermal gas sphere subjected to its own gra
Sturm–Picone comparison theorem
In mathematics, in the field of ordinary differential equations, the Sturm–Picone comparison theorem, named after Jacques Charles François Sturm and Mauro Picone, is a classical theorem which provides
Heun function
In mathematics, the local Heun function Hℓ(a,q;α,β,γ,δ;z) (Karl L. W. Heun ) is the solution of Heun's differential equation that is holomorphic and 1 at the singular point z = 0. The local Heun func
Fundamental matrix (linear differential equation)
In mathematics, a fundamental matrix of a system of n homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations is a matrix-valued function whose columns are linearly independent solutions of the system.Then
Spheroidal wave equation
In mathematics, the spheroidal wave equation is given by It is a generalization of the Mathieu differential equation.If is a solution to this equation and we define , then is a prolate spheroidal wave
Node (autonomous system)
The behaviour of a linear autonomous system around a critical point is a node if the following conditions are satisfied: Each path converges to the or away from the critical point (dependent of the un
Picard–Lindelöf theorem
In mathematics – specifically, in differential equations – the Picard–Lindelöf theorem gives a set of conditions under which an initial value problem has a unique solution. It is also known as Picard'
Liouville's formula
In mathematics, Liouville's formula, also known as the Abel-Jacobi-Liouville Identity, is an equation that expresses the determinant of a square-matrix solution of a first-order system of homogeneous
Integrating factor
In mathematics, an integrating factor is a function that is chosen to facilitate the solving of a given equation involving differentials. It is commonly used to solve ordinary differential equations,
Halanay inequality
Halanay inequality is a comparison theorem for differential equations with delay. This inequality and its generalizations have been applied to analyze the stability of delayed differential equations,
Sturm separation theorem
In mathematics, in the field of ordinary differential equations, Sturm separation theorem, named after Jacques Charles François Sturm, describes the location of roots of solutions of homogeneous secon
Abel's identity
In mathematics, Abel's identity (also called Abel's formula or Abel's differential equation identity) is an equation that expresses the Wronskian of two solutions of a homogeneous second-order linear
Green's matrix
In mathematics, and in particular ordinary differential equations, a Green's matrix helps to determine a particular solution to a first-order inhomogeneous linear system of ODEs. The concept is named
Chrystal's equation
In mathematics, Chrystal's equation is a first order nonlinear ordinary differential equation, named after the mathematician George Chrystal, who discussed the singular solution of this equation in 18
Frobenius solution to the hypergeometric equation
In the following we solve the second-order differential equation called the hypergeometric differential equation using Frobenius method, named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. This is a method that us
Harmonic oscillator
In classical mechanics, a harmonic oscillator is a system that, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force F proportional to the displacement x: where k is a positive
Spectral theory of ordinary differential equations
In mathematics, the spectral theory of ordinary differential equations is the part of spectral theory concerned with the determination of the spectrum and eigenfunction expansion associated with a lin
Parametric oscillator
A parametric oscillator is a driven harmonic oscillator in which the oscillations are driven by varying some parameter of the system at some frequency, typically different from the natural frequency o
Van der Pol oscillator
In dynamics, the Van der Pol oscillator is a non-conservative oscillator with non-linear damping. It evolves in time according to the second-order differential equation: where x is the position coordi
Damping
Damping is an influence within or upon an oscillatory system that has the effect of reducing or preventing its oscillation. In physical systems, damping is produced by processes that dissipate the ene
Euler's differential equation
In mathematics, Euler's differential equation is a first order nonlinear ordinary differential equation, named after Leonhard Euler given by This is a separable equation and the solution is given by t
Cauchy–Euler equation
In mathematics, an Euler–Cauchy equation, or Cauchy–Euler equation, or simply Euler's equation is a linear homogeneous ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients. It is sometimes referr
Exact differential equation
In mathematics, an exact differential equation or total differential equation is a certain kind of ordinary differential equation which is widely used in physics and engineering.
Exponential response formula
In mathematics, the exponential response formula (ERF), also known as exponential response and complex replacement, is a method used to find a particular solution of a non-homogeneous linear ordinary
Oscillation theory
In mathematics, in the field of ordinary differential equations, a nontrivial solution to an ordinary differential equation is called oscillating if it has an infinite number of roots; otherwise it is
Adams–Williamson equation
The Adams–Williamson equation, named after Leason H. Adams and E. D. Williamson, is an equation used to determine density as a function of radius, more commonly used to determine the relation between
Meissner equation
The Meissner equation is a linear ordinary differential equation that is a special case of Hill's equation with the periodic function given as a square wave. There are many ways to write the Meissner
D'Alembert's equation
In mathematics, d'Alembert's equation is a first order nonlinear ordinary differential equation, named after the French mathematician Jean le Rond d'Alembert. The equation reads as where . After diffe
Burchnall–Chaundy theory
In mathematics, the Burchnall–Chaundy theory of commuting linear ordinary differential operators was introduced by Burchnall and Chaundy . One of the main results says that two commuting differential
Euler–Lagrange equation
In the calculus of variations and classical mechanics, the Euler–Lagrange equations are a system of second-order ordinary differential equations whose solutions are stationary points of the given acti
Isocline
Given a family of curves, assumed to be differentiable, an isocline for that family is formed by the set of points at which some member of the family attains a given slope. The word comes from the Gre
Ince equation
In mathematics, the Ince equation, named for Edward Lindsay Ince, is the differential equation When p is a non-negative integer, it has polynomial solutions called Ince polynomials.
Monod equation
The Monod equation is a mathematical model for the growth of microorganisms. It is named for Jacques Monod (1910 – 1976, a French biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965), who propos
Power series solution of differential equations
In mathematics, the power series method is used to seek a power series solution to certain differential equations. In general, such a solution assumes a power series with unknown coefficients, then su
Movable singularity
In the theory of ordinary differential equations, a movable singularity is a point where the solution of the equation behaves badly and which is "movable" in the sense that its location depends on the
Rayleigh–Plesset equation
In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh–Plesset equation or Besant–Rayleigh–Plesset equation is an ordinary differential equation which governs the dynamics of a spherical bubble in an infinite body of incom
Bateman equation
In nuclear physics, the Bateman equation is a mathematical model describing abundances and activities in a decay chain as a function of time, based on the decay rates and initial abundances. The model
COPASI
COPASI (COmplex PAthway SImulator) is an open-source software application for creating and solving mathematical models of biological processes such as metabolic networks, cell-signaling pathways, regu
Matrix differential equation
A differential equation is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and of its derivatives of various orders. A matrix
Chebyshev equation
Chebyshev's equation is the second order linear differential equation where p is a real (or complex) constant. The equation is named after Russian mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev. The solutions can be
Chazy equation
In mathematics, the Chazy equation is the differential equation It was introduced by Jean Chazy as an example of a third-order differential equation with a movable singularity that is a natural bounda
Exponential growth
Exponential growth is a process that increases quantity over time. It occurs when the instantaneous rate of change (that is, the derivative) of a quantity with respect to time is proportional to the q
Binomial differential equation
In mathematics, the binomial differential equation is an ordinary differential equation containing one or more functions of one independent variable and the derivatives of those functions. For example
Hilbert's twenty-first problem
The twenty-first problem of the 23 Hilbert problems, from the celebrated list put forth in 1900 by David Hilbert, concerns the existence of a certain class of linear differential equations with specif
Bony–Brezis theorem
In mathematics, the Bony–Brezis theorem, due to the French mathematicians Jean-Michel Bony and Haïm Brezis, gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a closed subset of a manifold to be invariant
Airy function
In the physical sciences, the Airy function (or Airy function of the first kind) Ai(x) is a special function named after the British astronomer George Biddell Airy (1801–1892). The function Ai(x) and
Liñán's equation
In the study of diffusion flame, Liñán's equation is a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation which describes the inner structure of the diffusion flame, first derived by Amable Liñán i
Riccati equation
In mathematics, a Riccati equation in the narrowest sense is any first-order ordinary differential equation that is quadratic in the unknown function. In other words, it is an equation of the form whe
Thomas–Fermi equation
In mathematics, the Thomas–Fermi equation for the neutral atom is a second order non-linear ordinary differential equation, named after Llewellyn Thomas and Enrico Fermi, which can be derived by apply
Reduction of order
Reduction of order is a technique in mathematics for solving second-order linear ordinary differential equations. It is employed when one solution is known and a second linearly independent solution i
Method of dominant balance
In mathematics, the method of dominant balance is used to determine the asymptotic behavior of solutions to an ordinary differential equation without fully solving the equation. The process is iterati
Duffing equation
The Duffing equation (or Duffing oscillator), named after (1861–1944), is a non-linear second-order differential equation used to model certain damped and driven oscillators. The equation is given by
Clairaut's equation (mathematical analysis)
In mathematical analysis, Clairaut's equation (or the Clairaut equation) is a differential equation of the form where f is continuously differentiable. It is a particular case of the Lagrange differen
Grönwall's inequality
In mathematics, Grönwall's inequality (also called Grönwall's lemma or the Grönwall–Bellman inequality) allows one to bound a function that is known to satisfy a certain differential or by the solutio
Autonomous system (mathematics)
In mathematics, an autonomous system or autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equations which does not explicitly depend on the independent variable. When the variable