Path integral formulation
The path integral formulation is a description in quantum mechanics that generalizes the action principle of classical mechanics. It replaces the classical notion of a single, unique classical traject
Separable partial differential equation
A separable partial differential equation is one that can be broken into a set of separate equations of lower dimensionality (fewer independent variables) by a method of separation of variables. This
Differential equation
In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation that relates one or more unknown functions and their derivatives. In applications, the functions generally represent physical quantities, the der
Delay differential equation
In mathematics, delay differential equations (DDEs) are a type of differential equation in which the derivative of the unknown function at a certain time is given in terms of the values of the functio
Fuchsian theory
The Fuchsian theory of linear differential equations, which is named after Lazarus Immanuel Fuchs, provides a characterization of various types of singularities and the relations among them. At any or
Nullcline
In mathematical analysis, nullclines, sometimes called zero-growth isoclines, are encountered in a system of ordinary differential equations where here represents a derivative of with respect to anoth
Stochastic differential equation
A stochastic differential equation (SDE) is a differential equation in which one or more of the terms is a stochastic process, resulting in a solution which is also a stochastic process. SDEs are used
Hicks equation
In fluid dynamics, Hicks equation or sometimes also referred as Bragg–Hawthorne equation or Squire–Long equation is a partial differential equation that describes the distribution of stream function f
Malgrange–Ehrenpreis theorem
In mathematics, the Malgrange–Ehrenpreis theorem states that every non-zero linear differential operator with constant coefficients has a Green's function. It was first proved independently by Leon Eh
Liouville–Bratu–Gelfand equation
In mathematics, Liouville–Bratu–Gelfand equation or Liouville's equation is a non-linear Poisson equation, named after the mathematicians Joseph Liouville, G. Bratu and Israel Gelfand. The equation re
Hurwitz matrix
In mathematics, a Hurwitz matrix, or Routh–Hurwitz matrix, in engineering stability matrix, is a structured real square matrix constructed with coefficients of a real polynomial.
Algebraic differential equation
In mathematics, an algebraic differential equation is a differential equation that can be expressed by means of differential algebra. There are several such notions, according to the concept of differ
Jet bundle
In differential topology, the jet bundle is a certain construction that makes a new smooth fiber bundle out of a given smooth fiber bundle. It makes it possible to write differential equations on sect
List of named differential equations
In mathematics, differential equation is a fundamental concept that is used in many scientific areas. Many of the differential equations that are used have received specific names, which are listed in
Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation
In mathematics, the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation (also called the KS equation or flame equation) is a fourth-order nonlinear partial differential equation. It is named after Yoshiki Kuramoto and Greg
Homogeneous differential equation
A differential equation can be homogeneous in either of two respects. A first order differential equation is said to be homogeneous if it may be written where f and g are homogeneous functions of the
Lax pair
In mathematics, in the theory of integrable systems, a Lax pair is a pair of time-dependent matrices or operators that satisfy a corresponding differential equation, called the Lax equation. Lax pairs
Liénard equation
In mathematics, more specifically in the study of dynamical systems and differential equations, a Liénard equation is a second order differential equation, named after the French physicist Alfred-Mari
Ordinary differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation whose unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function(s) of one variable and involves the derivatives of those function
Method of matched asymptotic expansions
In mathematics, the method of matched asymptotic expansions is a common approach to finding an accurate approximation to the solution to an equation, or system of equations. It is particularly used wh
Fuchs relation
In mathematics, the Fuchs relation is a relation between the starting exponents of formal series solutions of certain linear differential equations, so called Fuchsian equations. It is named after Laz
Barrier certificate
A barrier certificate is an object that can serve as a proof of safety of an ordinary differential equation or hybrid dynamical system. Barrier certificates play the analogical role for safety to the
Noether identities
In mathematics, Noether identities characterize the degeneracy of a Lagrangian system. Given a Lagrangian system and its Lagrangian L, Noether identities can be defined as a differential operator whos
Non-autonomous system (mathematics)
In mathematics, an autonomous system is a dynamic equation on a smooth manifold. A non-autonomous system is a dynamic equation on a smooth fiber bundle over . For instance, this is the case of non-aut
Partial differential algebraic equation
In mathematics a partial differential algebraic equation (PDAE) set is an incomplete system of partial differential equations that is closed with a set of algebraic equations.
Jost function
In scattering theory, the Jost function is the Wronskian of the regular solution and the (irregular) Jost solution to the differential equation .It was introduced by Res Jost.
Green's function number
In mathematical heat conduction, the Green's function number is used to uniquely categorize certain fundamental solutions of the heat equation to make existing solutions easier to identify, store, and
Hyperbolic growth
When a quantity grows towards a singularity under a finite variation (a "finite-time singularity") it is said to undergo hyperbolic growth. More precisely, the reciprocal function has a hyperbola as a
Lanchester's laws
Lanchester's laws are mathematical formulae for calculating the relative strengths of military forces. The Lanchester equations are differential equations describing the time dependence of two armies'
Integro-differential equation
In mathematics, an integro-differential equation is an equation that involves both integrals and derivatives of a function.
Caloric polynomial
In differential equations, the mth-degree caloric polynomial (or heat polynomial) is a "parabolically m-homogeneous" polynomial Pm(x, t) that satisfies the heat equation "Parabolically m-homogeneous"
Related rates
In differential calculus, related rates problems involve finding a rate at which a quantity changes by relating that quantity to other quantities whose rates of change are known. The rate of change is
Linear differential equation
In mathematics, a linear differential equation is a differential equation that is defined by a linear polynomial in the unknown function and its derivatives, that is an equation of the form where a0(x
Singular solution
A singular solution ys(x) of an ordinary differential equation is a solution that is singular or one for which the initial value problem (also called the Cauchy problem by some authors) fails to have
Leaky integrator
In mathematics, a leaky integrator equation is a specific differential equation, used to describe a component or system that takes the integral of an input, but gradually leaks a small amount of input
Fuchs' theorem
In mathematics, Fuchs' theorem, named after Lazarus Fuchs, states that a second-order differential equation of the form has a solution expressible by a generalised Frobenius series when , and are anal
Rough path
In stochastic analysis, a rough path is a generalization of the notion of smooth path allowing to construct a robust solution theory for controlled differential equations driven by classically irregul
Adomian decomposition method
The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is a semi-analytical method for solving ordinary and partial nonlinear differential equations. The method was developed from the 1970s to the 1990s by George Ado
Leray projection
The Leray projection, named after Jean Leray, is a linear operator used in the theory of partial differential equations, specifically in the fields of fluid dynamics. Informally, it can be seen as the
Hybrid automaton
In automata theory, a hybrid automaton (plural: hybrid automata or hybrid automatons) is a mathematical model for precisely describing hybrid systems, for instance systems in which digital computation
Slope field
Slope fields (also called direction fields) are a graphical representation of the solutions to a first-order differential equation of a scalar function. Solutions to a slope field are functions drawn
Initial condition
In mathematics and particularly in dynamic systems, an initial condition, in some contexts called a seed value, is a value of an evolving variable at some point in time designated as the initial time
Vector spherical harmonics
In mathematics, vector spherical harmonics (VSH) are an extension of the scalar spherical harmonics for use with vector fields. The components of the VSH are complex-valued functions expressed in the
Green's function
In mathematics, a Green's function is the impulse response of an inhomogeneous linear differential operator defined on a domain with specified initial conditions or boundary conditions. This means tha
Discrete least squares meshless method
In mathematics the discrete least squares meshless (DLSM) method is a meshless method based on the least squares concept. The method is based on the minimization of a least squares functional, defined
Relativistic system (mathematics)
In mathematics, a non-autonomous system of ordinary differential equations is defined to be a dynamic equation on a smooth fiber bundle over . For instance, this is the case of non-relativistic non-au
Functional differential equation
A functional differential equation is a differential equation with deviating argument. That is, a functional differential equation is an equation that contains some function and some of its derivative
Riemann–Hilbert correspondence
In mathematics, the term Riemann–Hilbert correspondence refers to the correspondence between regular singular flat connections on algebraic vector bundles and representations of the fundamental group,
Universal differential equation
A universal differential equation (UDE) is a non-trivial differential algebraic equation with the property that its solutions can approximate any continuous function on any interval of the real line t
Evolutionary invasion analysis
Evolutionary invasion analysis, also known as adaptive dynamics, is a set of mathematical modeling techniques that use differential equations to study the long-term evolution of traits in asexually re
Buckmaster equation
In mathematics, the Buckmaster equation is a second-order nonlinear partial differential equation, named after John D. Buckmaster, who derived the equation in 1977. The equation models the surface of
Radiodrome
In geometry, a radiodrome is the pursuit curve followed by a point that is pursuing another linearly-moving point. The term is derived from the Greek words ῥᾴδιος, rhā́idios, 'easier' and δρόμος, dróm
Smoluchowski coagulation equation
In statistical physics, the Smoluchowski coagulation equation is a population balance equation introduced by Marian Smoluchowski in a seminal 1916 publication, describing the time evolution of the num
Catenary
In physics and geometry, a catenary (US: /ˈkætənɛri/, UK: /kəˈtiːnəri/) is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends in a uniform
Variational bicomplex
In mathematics, the Lagrangian theory on fiber bundles is globally formulated in algebraic terms of the variational bicomplex, without appealing to the calculus of variations. For instance, this is th
Weak solution
In mathematics, a weak solution (also called a generalized solution) to an ordinary or partial differential equation is a function for which the derivatives may not all exist but which is nonetheless
List of equations
This is a list of equations, by Wikipedia page under appropriate bands of maths, science and engineering.
Mironenko reflecting function
In applied mathematics, the reflecting function of a differential system connects the past state of the system with the future state of the system by the formula The concept of the reflecting function
Three-wave equation
In nonlinear systems, the three-wave equations, sometimes called the three-wave resonant interaction equations or triad resonances, describe small-amplitude waves in a variety of non-linear media, inc
Zero dynamics
In mathematics, zero dynamics is known as the concept of evaluating the effect of zero on systems.
Gravity train
A gravity train is a theoretical means of transportation for purposes of commuting between two points on the surface of a sphere, by following a straight tunnel connecting the two points through the i
Partial differential equation
In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which imposes relations between the various partial derivatives of a multivariable function. The function is often thought of as an
Inexact differential equation
An inexact differential equation is a differential equation of the form (see also: inexact differential) The solution to such equations came with the invention of the integrating factor by Leonhard Eu
Structural stability
In mathematics, structural stability is a fundamental property of a dynamical system which means that the qualitative behavior of the trajectories is unaffected by small perturbations (to be exact C1-
Charpit method
The Charpit method is a method for finding solutions of second-order partial differential equations in mathematics. The second-order partial differential equation is (1). (2) Then the general solution
Forward problem of electrocardiology
The forward problem of electrocardiology is a computational and mathematical approach to study the electrical activity of the heart through the body surface. The principal aim of this study is to comp
Replicator equation
In mathematics, the replicator equation is a deterministic monotone non-linear and non-innovative game dynamic used in evolutionary game theory. The replicator equation differs from other equations us
Qualitative theory of differential equations
In mathematics, the qualitative theory of differential equations studies the behavior of differential equations by means other than finding their solutions. It originated from the works of Henri Poinc
Physics-informed neural networks
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a type of universal function approximators that can embed the knowledge of any physical laws that govern a given data-set in the learning process, and can
Lie theory
In mathematics, the mathematician Sophus Lie (/liː/ LEE) initiated lines of study involving integration of differential equations, transformation groups, and contact of spheres that have come to be ca
Fuzzy differential equation
Fuzzy differential equation are general concept of ordinary differential equation in mathematics defined as differential inclusion for non-uniform upper hemicontinuity convex set with compactness in f
Free motion equation
A free motion equation is a differential equation that describes a mechanical system in the absence of external forces, but in the presence only of an inertial force depending on the choice of a refer
Covariant classical field theory
In mathematical physics, covariant classical field theory represents classical fields by sections of fiber bundles, and their dynamics is phrased in the context of a finite-dimensional space of fields
Liouville's equation
In differential geometry, Liouville's equation, named after Joseph Liouville, is the nonlinear partial differential equation satisfied by the conformal factor f of a metric f2(dx2 + dy2) on a surface
Arnold–Beltrami–Childress flow
The Arnold–Beltrami–Childress (ABC) flow or Gromeka–Arnold–Beltrami–Childress (GABC) flow is a three-dimensional incompressible velocity field which is an exact solution of Euler's equation. Its repre
Pendulum (mechanics)
A pendulum is a body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity. When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position
Conserved quantity
In mathematics, a conserved quantity of a dynamical system is a function of the dependent variables, the value of which remains constant along each trajectory of the system. Not all systems have conse
Ancient solution
In mathematics, an ancient solution to a differential equation is a solution that can be extrapolated backwards to all past times, without singularities. That is, it is a solution "that is defined on
Method of mean weighted residuals
In applied mathematics, methods of mean weighted residuals (MWR) are methods for solving differential equations. The solutions of these differential equations are assumed to be well approximated by a
Degree of a differential equation
In mathematics, the degree of a differential equation is the power of its highest derivative, after the equation has been made rational and integral in all of its derivatives.
Nash–Moser theorem
In the mathematical field of analysis, the Nash–Moser theorem, discovered by mathematician John Forbes Nash and named for him and Jürgen Moser, is a generalization of the inverse function theorem on B
Differential-algebraic system of equations
In mathematics, a differential-algebraic system of equations (DAEs) is a system of equations that either contains differential equations and algebraic equations, or is equivalent to such a system. Suc
System of differential equations
In mathematics, a system of differential equations is a finite set of differential equations. Such a system can be either linear or non-linear. Also, such a system can be either a system of ordinary d
Euler's differential equation
In mathematics, Euler's differential equation is a first order nonlinear ordinary differential equation, named after Leonhard Euler given by This is a separable equation and the solution is given by t
Exponential response formula
In mathematics, the exponential response formula (ERF), also known as exponential response and complex replacement, is a method used to find a particular solution of a non-homogeneous linear ordinary
Liouville's theorem (differential algebra)
In mathematics, Liouville's theorem, originally formulated by Joseph Liouville in 1833 to 1841, places an important restriction on antiderivatives that can be expressed as elementary functions. The an
Schrödinger equation
The Schrödinger equation is a linear partial differential equation that governs the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system. It is a key result in quantum mechanics, and its discovery was a signi
Floquet theory
Floquet theory is a branch of the theory of ordinary differential equations relating to the class of solutions to periodic linear differential equations of the form with a piecewise continuous periodi
Nahm equations
In differential geometry and gauge theory, the Nahm equations are a system of ordinary differential equations introduced by Werner Nahm in the context of the Nahm transform – an alternative to Ward's
Bidomain model
The bidomain model is a mathematical model to define the electrical activity of the heart. It consists in a continuum (volume-average) approach in which the cardiac mictrostructure is defined in terms
Logistic function
A logistic function or logistic curve is a common S-shaped curve (sigmoid curve) with equation where , the value of the sigmoid's midpoint;, the supremum of the values of the function;, the logistic g
Distinguished limit
In mathematics, a distinguished limit is an appropriately chosen scale factor used in the method of matched asymptotic expansions.
Forcing function (differential equations)
In a system of differential equations used to describe a time-dependent process, a forcing function is a function that appears in the equations and is only a function of time, and not of any of the ot
Singular perturbation
In mathematics, a singular perturbation problem is a problem containing a small parameter that cannot be approximated by setting the parameter value to zero. More precisely, the solution cannot be uni
D'Alembert's equation
In mathematics, d'Alembert's equation is a first order nonlinear ordinary differential equation, named after the French mathematician Jean le Rond d'Alembert. The equation reads as where . After diffe
Schwinger–Dyson equation
The Schwinger–Dyson equations (SDEs) or Dyson–Schwinger equations, named after Julian Schwinger and Freeman Dyson, are general relations between correlation functions in quantum field theories (QFTs).
Cylindrical harmonics
In mathematics, the cylindrical harmonics are a set of linearly independent functions that are solutions to Laplace's differential equation, , expressed in cylindrical coordinates, ρ (radial coordinat
Hybrid system
A hybrid system is a dynamical system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior – a system that can both flow (described by a differential equation) and jump (described by a state ma
Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations
The Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations of motion, jointly derived by Albert Einstein, Leopold Infeld and Banesh Hoffmann, are the differential equations of motion describing the approximate dynamics o
Laplace transform
In mathematics, the Laplace transform, named after its discoverer Pierre-Simon Laplace (/ləˈplɑːs/), is an integral transform that converts a function of a real variable (usually , in the time domain)
Projected dynamical system
Projected dynamical systems is a mathematical theory investigating the behaviour of dynamical systems where solutions are restricted to a constraint set. The discipline shares connections to and appli
Monodomain model
The monodomain model is a reduction of the bidomain model of the electrical propagation in myocardial tissue.The reduction comes from assuming that the intra- and extracellular domains have equal anis
Bihari–LaSalle inequality
The Bihari–LaSalle inequality, was proved by the American mathematicianJoseph P. LaSalle (1916–1983) in 1949 and by the Hungarian mathematicianImre Bihari (1915–1998) in 1956. It is the following nonl
Group analysis of differential equations
Group analysis of differential equations is a branch of mathematics that studies the symmetry properties of differential equations with respect to various transformations of independent and dependent
Breather surface
In differential geometry, a breather surface is a one-parameter family of mathematical surfaces which correspond to breather solutions of the sine-Gordon equation, a differential equation appearing in
Differentiation of trigonometric functions
The differentiation of trigonometric functions is the mathematical process of finding the derivative of a trigonometric function, or its rate of change with respect to a variable. For example, the der
Geometric analysis
Geometric analysis is a mathematical discipline where tools from differential equations, especially elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs), are used to establish new results in differential ge
Scheil equation
In metallurgy, the Scheil-Gulliver equation (or Scheil equation) describes solute redistribution during solidification of an alloy.
Bendixson–Dulac theorem
In mathematics, the Bendixson–Dulac theorem on dynamical systems states that if there exists a function (called the Dulac function) such that the expression has the same sign almost everywhere in a si
Biryukov equation
The Biryukov equation (or Biryukov oscillator), named after Vadim Biryukov (1946), is a non-linear second-order differential equation used to model damped oscillators. The equation is given by where ƒ
Wave
In physics, mathematics, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities. Waves can be periodic, in which case those quantities osci
Operational calculus
Operational calculus, also known as operational analysis, is a technique by which problems in analysis, in particular differential equations, are transformed into algebraic problems, usually the probl
Tikhonov's theorem (dynamical systems)
In applied mathematics, Tikhonov's theorem on dynamical systems is a result on stability of solutions of systems of differential equations. It has applications to chemical kinetics. The theorem is nam
Loewy decomposition
In the study of differential equations, the Loewy decomposition breaks every linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) into what are called largest completely reducible components. It was introduced
Stokes operator
The Stokes operator, named after George Gabriel Stokes, is an unbounded linear operator used in the theory of partial differential equations, specifically in the fields of fluid dynamics and electroma
Autonomous system (mathematics)
In mathematics, an autonomous system or autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equations which does not explicitly depend on the independent variable. When the variable
Laplace–Carson transform
In mathematics, the Laplace–Carson transform, named after Pierre Simon Laplace and John Renshaw Carson, is an integral transform with significant applications in the field of physics and engineering,