Virology

  1. Diagnosis of Viral Infections
    1. Direct Detection Methods
      1. Electron Microscopy
        1. Antigen Detection
          1. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
            1. Immunofluorescence Assay
              1. Lateral Flow Assays
              2. Nucleic Acid Detection
                1. Polymerase Chain Reaction
                  1. Real-Time PCR
                    1. Reverse Transcription PCR
                      1. Viral Genome Sequencing
                        1. Next-Generation Sequencing
                      2. Indirect Detection Methods
                        1. Virus Isolation and Cell Culture
                          1. Cytopathic Effect Observation
                            1. Plaque Assay
                              1. Shell Vial Assay
                              2. Serology
                                1. IgM Detection
                                  1. IgG Detection
                                    1. Seroconversion
                                      1. Neutralization Tests
                                        1. Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay
                                      2. Interpretation of Diagnostic Results
                                        1. Sensitivity and Specificity
                                          1. False Positives and Negatives
                                            1. Clinical Correlation

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                                          7. Host Defenses Against Viruses

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                                          9. Prevention and Control of Viral Diseases