Virology

  1. Viral Genetics and Evolution
    1. Sources of Genetic Variation
      1. Mutation
        1. Types of Mutations
          1. High Error Rates of Viral Polymerases
          2. Recombination
            1. Homologous Recombination
              1. Non-homologous Recombination
              2. Reassortment
                1. Segmented Viruses
                  1. Antigenic Shift
                2. Viral Evolution
                  1. Quasispecies Concept
                    1. Selective Pressures
                      1. Host Immune System
                        1. Antiviral Drugs
                          1. Environmental Factors
                          2. Co-evolution with Hosts
                            1. Host Adaptation
                              1. Immune Escape
                            2. Emergence of New Viruses
                              1. Zoonotic Transmission
                                1. Host Range Expansion
                                  1. Cross-Species Transmission
                                    1. Factors Influencing Emergence
                                      1. Environmental Change
                                        1. Human Behavior
                                          1. Globalization

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                                      4. Viral Replication Cycles

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                                      6. Pathogenesis of Viral Infections