Virology

  1. Host Defenses Against Viruses
    1. Innate Immunity
      1. Physical and Chemical Barriers
        1. Skin
          1. Mucous Membranes
            1. Stomach Acid
            2. Phagocytic Cells
              1. Macrophages
                1. Dendritic Cells
                  1. Neutrophils
                  2. The Interferon System
                    1. Type I Interferons
                      1. Type II Interferons
                        1. Antiviral State
                        2. Natural Killer Cells
                          1. Complement System
                          2. Adaptive Immunity
                            1. Humoral Immunity
                              1. Antibodies
                                1. Neutralization
                                  1. Opsonization
                                    1. Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
                                    2. B Lymphocytes
                                    3. Cell-Mediated Immunity
                                      1. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
                                        1. Helper T Lymphocytes
                                          1. Memory T Cells
                                        2. Viral Evasion of the Immune System
                                          1. Antigenic Variation
                                            1. Antigenic Drift
                                              1. Antigenic Shift
                                              2. Downregulation of MHC Molecules
                                                1. Interference with Interferon Pathways
                                                  1. Latency
                                                    1. Inhibition of Apoptosis
                                                      1. Subversion of Immune Responses

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                                                    6. Pathogenesis of Viral Infections

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                                                    8. Diagnosis of Viral Infections