Urban Ecology

  1. Human Dimensions in Urban Ecology
    1. Socio-Ecological Dynamics
      1. Human Demographics and Lifestyles
        1. Urban Population Growth
          1. Consumption Patterns
            1. Lifestyle Changes
            2. Land Use and Land Cover Change
              1. Urban Expansion and Fragmentation
                1. Redevelopment and Gentrification
                  1. Land Use Transitions
                  2. Governance and Institutional Roles
                    1. Policy and Regulation
                      1. Stakeholder Engagement
                        1. Multi-level Governance
                        2. Economic Factors
                          1. Property Markets
                            1. Investment Patterns
                              1. Economic Incentives
                            2. Environmental Justice and Equity
                              1. Uneven Distribution of Green Spaces
                                1. Socioeconomic Disparities
                                  1. Access and Availability
                                    1. Historical Patterns
                                    2. Disproportionate Exposure to Environmental Hazards
                                      1. Air and Water Pollution
                                        1. Heat and Flood Risks
                                          1. Industrial Proximity
                                          2. Access to Ecosystem Services
                                            1. Barriers to Use and Enjoyment
                                              1. Community-Led Initiatives
                                                1. Service Distribution Patterns
                                                2. Procedural Justice
                                                  1. Participation in Decision-Making
                                                    1. Community Voice and Representation
                                                  2. Public Health and Well-being
                                                    1. Physical Health Benefits of Urban Nature
                                                      1. Physical Activity and Obesity Prevention
                                                        1. Reduction of Chronic Disease Risks
                                                          1. Air Quality and Respiratory Health
                                                          2. Mental Health and Cognitive Function
                                                            1. Stress Reduction and Mood Enhancement
                                                              1. Attention Restoration Theory
                                                                1. Nature Deficit Disorder
                                                                2. Social Cohesion and Community Building
                                                                  1. Social Interaction in Green Spaces
                                                                    1. Community Stewardship Programs
                                                                      1. Social Capital Development
                                                                      2. Health Disparities
                                                                        1. Environmental Health Inequities
                                                                          1. Access to Healthcare
                                                                        2. Perception, Attitudes, and Values
                                                                          1. Public Perception of Urban Wildlife and Greenery
                                                                            1. Attitudes Toward Biodiversity
                                                                              1. Perceived Risks and Benefits
                                                                                1. Cultural Differences
                                                                                2. Extinction of Experience
                                                                                  1. Declining Nature Contact
                                                                                    1. Implications for Conservation Support
                                                                                      1. Generational Changes
                                                                                      2. Stewardship and Civic Engagement
                                                                                        1. Volunteerism and Advocacy
                                                                                          1. Environmental Education and Outreach
                                                                                            1. Community-Based Conservation
                                                                                            2. Place Attachment
                                                                                              1. Emotional Connections to Urban Nature
                                                                                                1. Identity and Belonging

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                                                                                            4. Urban Ecosystem Services

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                                                                                            6. Applied Urban Ecology and Sustainable Design