Separation Processes

  1. Gas Absorption and Stripping
    1. Principles of Gas Absorption
      1. Solubility of Gases in Liquids
        1. Physical Absorption
          1. Chemical Absorption
            1. Absorption Mechanisms
            2. Solvent Selection
              1. Physical Solvents
                1. Water
                  1. Organic Solvents
                  2. Chemical Solvents
                    1. Amine Solutions
                      1. Alkaline Solutions
                      2. Solvent Properties
                        1. Solubility
                          1. Selectivity
                            1. Volatility
                              1. Viscosity
                                1. Corrosiveness
                                2. Solvent Regeneration
                                3. Equilibrium Relations
                                  1. Henry's Law
                                    1. Henry's Law Constants
                                      1. Temperature Effects
                                      2. Absorption Factor
                                        1. Equilibrium Line Construction
                                          1. Non-Linear Equilibrium
                                          2. Design of Packed Towers
                                            1. Tower Sizing and Height
                                              1. Operating Line Equation
                                                1. Minimum Liquid-to-Gas Ratio
                                                  1. Height of Transfer Unit
                                                    1. Number of Transfer Units
                                                      1. HTU-NTU Method
                                                        1. Flooding and Loading Points
                                                          1. Pressure Drop Calculations
                                                          2. Design of Trayed Towers
                                                            1. Tray Design and Spacing
                                                              1. Kremser Equation
                                                                1. Stage Efficiency
                                                                  1. Tray-to-Tray Calculations
                                                                  2. Stripping Operations
                                                                    1. Principles of Stripping
                                                                      1. Stripping Factor
                                                                        1. Steam Stripping
                                                                          1. Air Stripping
                                                                            1. Design Considerations
                                                                              1. Stripping Column Design
                                                                              2. Absorption with Chemical Reaction
                                                                                1. Gas-Liquid Reaction Kinetics
                                                                                  1. Enhancement Factor
                                                                                    1. Reaction Regimes
                                                                                      1. Applications
                                                                                        1. CO₂ Removal
                                                                                          1. SO₂ Scrubbing
                                                                                            1. NOx Removal
                                                                                          2. Equipment for Absorption
                                                                                            1. Packed Towers
                                                                                              1. Tray Towers
                                                                                                1. Spray Towers
                                                                                                  1. Venturi Scrubbers
                                                                                                    1. Bubble Columns

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                                                                                                  4. Distillation

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                                                                                                  6. Liquid-Liquid Extraction