Political Geography

  1. Geographies of Conflict, Security, and Cooperation
    1. The Spatiality of Armed Conflict
      1. Interstate Wars
        1. Causes and Patterns
          1. Territorial Disputes
            1. Resource Competition
              1. Power Transitions
              2. Geographic Factors
                1. Border Conflicts
                  1. Strategic Locations
                    1. Natural Barriers
                  2. Civil Wars and Intrastate Conflict
                    1. Ethnic and Sectarian Dimensions
                      1. Identity Conflicts
                        1. Religious Divisions
                          1. Communal Violence
                          2. Geographic Patterns
                            1. Regional Concentrations
                              1. Urban vs Rural Conflict
                                1. Resource Areas
                              2. Geographies of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency
                                1. Terrain and Tactics
                                  1. Mountain Warfare
                                    1. Urban Combat
                                      1. Jungle Operations
                                      2. Urban vs Rural Insurgency
                                        1. City-Based Movements
                                          1. Rural Guerrilla War
                                            1. Mixed Strategies
                                        2. Terrorism as a Geographic Phenomenon
                                          1. Spatial Logics of Terrorist Groups
                                            1. Safe Havens and Networks
                                              1. Territorial Control
                                                1. Support Networks
                                                  1. Training Camps
                                                  2. Target Selection
                                                    1. Symbolic Targets
                                                      1. Economic Centers
                                                        1. Population Centers
                                                      2. The Geopolitics of the "War on Terror"
                                                        1. Shifting Frontlines
                                                          1. Multiple Theaters
                                                            1. Borderless Conflicts
                                                              1. Global Networks
                                                              2. Impact on Borders and Mobility
                                                                1. Security Measures
                                                                  1. Travel Restrictions
                                                                    1. Border Controls
                                                                2. Geographies of Peace and Cooperation
                                                                  1. Supranational Organizations
                                                                    1. The United Nations
                                                                      1. Structure and Functions
                                                                        1. General Assembly
                                                                          1. Security Council
                                                                            1. Secretariat
                                                                              1. Specialized Agencies
                                                                              2. Peacekeeping Operations
                                                                                1. Blue Helmet Missions
                                                                                  1. Conflict Resolution
                                                                                    1. Post-Conflict Reconstruction
                                                                                  2. The European Union
                                                                                    1. Political and Economic Integration
                                                                                      1. Single Market
                                                                                        1. Common Policies
                                                                                          1. Institutional Framework
                                                                                          2. Expansion and Deepening
                                                                                            1. Enlargement Process
                                                                                              1. Integration Challenges
                                                                                                1. Brexit Impact
                                                                                              2. Regional Alliances
                                                                                                1. NATO
                                                                                                  1. Collective Defense
                                                                                                    1. Article 5
                                                                                                      1. Expansion Eastward
                                                                                                      2. ASEAN
                                                                                                        1. Southeast Asian Cooperation
                                                                                                          1. Economic Integration
                                                                                                            1. Security Dialogue
                                                                                                            2. African Union
                                                                                                              1. Continental Integration
                                                                                                                1. Conflict Resolution
                                                                                                                  1. Development Goals
                                                                                                              2. Non-Governmental Organizations
                                                                                                                1. Roles in Conflict Resolution
                                                                                                                  1. Mediation Services
                                                                                                                    1. Track-Two Diplomacy
                                                                                                                      1. Civil Society Engagement
                                                                                                                      2. Humanitarian Assistance
                                                                                                                        1. Emergency Relief
                                                                                                                          1. Development Aid
                                                                                                                            1. Human Rights Advocacy

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                                                                                                                      7. Electoral Geography

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                                                                                                                      9. Contemporary and Critical Political Geographies