Political Geography

  1. Geopolitics and the Global Order
    1. Classical Geopolitical Theories
      1. Organic State Theory
        1. Friedrich Ratzel's Contributions
          1. State as Organism
            1. Lebensraum Concept
              1. Spatial Growth
            2. Sea Power Theory
              1. Alfred Thayer Mahan's Ideas
                1. Maritime Commerce
                  1. Strategic Waterways
                2. Heartland Theory
                  1. Halford Mackinder's Model
                    1. Pivot Area Concept
                      1. Land Power vs Sea Power
                        1. Eurasian Dominance
                      2. Rimland Theory
                        1. Nicholas Spykman's Perspective
                          1. Coastal Regions
                            1. Balance of Power
                              1. Maritime-Continental Interface
                          2. Geopolitics of the Cold War
                            1. Bipolar World Order
                              1. US-Soviet Competition
                                1. Alliance Systems
                                  1. Spheres of Influence
                                  2. Domino Theory
                                    1. Communist Expansion
                                      1. Containment Strategy
                                        1. Regional Conflicts
                                        2. Containment Policy
                                          1. Truman Doctrine
                                            1. Marshall Plan
                                              1. Military Alliances
                                              2. Spheres of Influence
                                                1. Eastern Bloc
                                                  1. Western Alliance
                                                    1. Non-Aligned Movement
                                                  2. Post-Cold War Geopolitics
                                                    1. The New World Order
                                                      1. End of Bipolarity
                                                        1. Democratic Transitions
                                                          1. Economic Integration
                                                          2. Unipolarity
                                                            1. US Hegemony
                                                              1. Global Leadership
                                                                1. Military Dominance
                                                                2. Multipolarity
                                                                  1. Rising Powers
                                                                    1. Regional Blocs
                                                                      1. Power Distribution
                                                                      2. Nonpolarity
                                                                        1. Diffused Power
                                                                          1. Multiple Actors
                                                                            1. Complex Interdependence
                                                                            2. "Clash of Civilizations" Thesis
                                                                              1. Samuel Huntington's Argument
                                                                                1. Cultural Conflicts
                                                                                  1. Civilizational Boundaries
                                                                                    1. Identity Politics
                                                                                  2. Rise of Regional Powers
                                                                                    1. BRICS Nations
                                                                                      1. Middle Powers
                                                                                        1. Regional Hegemons
                                                                                      2. Critical Geopolitics
                                                                                        1. Deconstructing Geopolitical Discourse
                                                                                          1. Language and Representation
                                                                                            1. Political Rhetoric
                                                                                              1. Media Narratives
                                                                                                1. Academic Discourse
                                                                                                2. Media and Policy Narratives
                                                                                                  1. News Coverage
                                                                                                    1. Policy Documents
                                                                                                      1. Public Opinion

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                                                                                                4. Boundaries and Frontiers

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                                                                                                6. Internal Political Organization of States